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Obesity


Over-consumption of energy dense and high fat foods with weak satiety value is considered a predisposing factor to obesity (Birch & Fischer 1998; NHMRC 1997). Over ¼ of Australians reported consuming high sugar fat meals and snacks (such as pastries, cakes, sweet biscuits, confectionary, high-fat fast food, ice-cream and soft-drinks) in total representing on average 1/3 of their fat intake and ¼ of their energy intake (ABS 1997, 1998 & 1999). This intake is in direct contravention to the Dietary Guidelines and The Australian Guide the Healthy eating, and may be a contributing factor to the displacement of healthy meals and snacks based on nutritious cereal products, vegetables and fruit in particular (ABS 1997). However, the most recent national estimates of mean fat intake (33% of energy consumption) approximate the national dietary guidelines recommendations (30-35% dependent on age) and have remained relatively unchanged, if not slightly decreased, over a ten-year period (ABS 1997). This suggests that increasing obesity rates may be more related to a reduction in amount and frequency of incidental and planned physical activity, than to an increase in caloric (and particularly fat) intake (NHMRC 1997; Seidell 1999; WHO 1998). Certainly, various sources indicate that up to a quarter of Australians are not physically active (Booth 2000).
             There are many potentially and modifiable environmental and psychosocial factors that influence obesity. Like most medical conditions, there are many paths that lead to obesity. However, caloric over consumption, relative to expenditure, is a given. Numerous studies have shown that many overweight patients unconsciously underestimate their caloric intake. (Seidell 1999).
             The following common characteristics help us better understand the different psychosocial factors, which increase the risk of over consumption and inactivity.
             Negative Decisional Balance.


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