Glutamine is the most abundant non essential amino in the body. About 60% of amino acids found in the cell are made of glutamine. Those who support use of glutamine as an ergogenic aid argue that glutamine promotes optimal muscle growth and adaptation, and delays the onset of fatigue. The suggested dosage is no less than 5 grams at a time, but there are a few different ways of taking glutamine. Standard use is taking 5 to 10 grams after training, 5 to 10 grams at bedtime on training days, and 10-20 grams at bedtime on off days. Loading and maintenance is another suggested form of use. Loading lasts 5 to 7 days, where 20 to 40 grams are taken a day, broken into 5 to 10 gram dosages (including after training and bedtime). After this period of time, maintenance begins by continue with the recommendations for standard use(8). Online, the average price for a 1000 gram bottle of glutamine was around $70.00.
Theoretical Basis.
The amount of glutamine in the cell affects cell volume. Increasing cell volume has been shown to help regulate protein and glycogen synthesis. So therefore, increasing the availability of glutamine in the cell would stimulate protein and glycogen resynthesis (2). When tissue is building and repairing, amino acids combine to form larger proteins. Glutamine serves as one of the main amino acids used for protein synthesis. Also, the nitrogen from glutamine can be used to form purines, pyrimides, and nucleotides, which are important in the synnthesizing of adenosine triphosphate. Glutamine also serves as a fuel source during exercise. When carbohydrate availability is low during the end of a hard workout, glutamine and other amino acids take over as fuel, as much as 10-20% of energy needs (3).
Studies indicate that intense exercise decreases plasma glutamine levels. For example, it was reported that overtrained athletes had significantly lower (-8.5%) plasma glutamine levels than non overtrained athletes (3).
The active ingredient of L-Glutamine (ironically) is glutamine. ... Over 61% of skeletal muscle is glutamine. ... L- Glutamine is composed of many different natural ingredients. ... As of now, L-Glutamine isn't known to cause any side effects. ... The structural formula for L-Glutamine is . ...
One such aid or supplement is Creatine. ... Other ergogenic aids such as anabolic steroids, growth hormone, and erythropoietin are banned by major sports organizations because they have shown to offer an unfair advantage to competitors and to predispose athletes to life-threatening health risks such as increased cancer risk and stroke (Metzl 2001). ...
Since enactment of the Dietary Supplement Health Education Act of 1994, it has been largely unregulated as well, leading to increased availability of nutritional ergogenic aids. ... An ergogenic aid cannot compensate for inadequate training or a lack of talent, although some supplements can help compensate for nutritional deficiency". ...
Clinical Pharmacology (Description) lists creatine as an ergogenic aid on their website, grouping it with other supplements as a beneficial tool in athletic competition. ... Ray says that this leads the competitive athletes to use ergogenic aids to gain an advantage over their competition by helping them work out longer and more frequently because of creatine's repairing abilities. ...
These mixed results lead to the conclusion of vitamin E as having no valuable effects on endurance or aerobic activities aided by a total of five months use. (1) Vitamin E was only found to provide enhancements in performance at high altitudes were there is a larger increase in oxidative stress. ... Antioxidants have been advertised to athletes as a supplement which improves athletic performance and works to produce effects of a quick and full recovery from strenuous induced exercises and it has been proven to make athletes train at a harder level. (1) The theory behind antioxidants and its r...
Scholars who support the thesis that development aid has positive impacts on the developing countries have argued that development aid has positive and tremendous impact on the economic growth in the developing countries. ... Some scholars have also pinpointed the positive impact of development aid which come in form of social aid. Social aid includes education aid such as that provided by the GIZ and DFID in Malawi, health aid such as that was provided by the Global fund towards the fighting of HIV/AIDS and water aid like that provided by European Union and other Non-Governmental organisatio...
Obviously the aid programs need to go where they are really need, instead of putting all their food aid in all the wrong problems. ... Tied aid is all about control. ... That is simply classified as trade, not an aid. ... Bilateral aid is aid that is given from one country to another. ... Bilateral aid is widely politically affected. ...
Obviously the aid programs need to go where they are really need, instead of putting all their food aid in all the wrong problems. ... Tied aid is all about control. ... That is simply classified as trade, not an aid. ... Bilateral aid is aid that is given from one country to another. ... Bilateral aid is widely politically affected. ...
Many individuals look for external help in terms of supplementation to aid in the process of increasing human performance and gaining lean body mass all along with diminishing the amount of fat tissue. ... The supplement industry has developed various products to aid the in the process of body leaning and weight loss. ... Caffeine as a Thermogenic Aid Caffeine being one of the common variables tested in research, has gained the reputation of having several possible ergogenic benefits including an in increase in human performance, elevating resting energy expenditure, body leaning, and decreasi...
