Government Under A Single Sovereign .
According to Hobbes "Liberty, or freedom, signifieth (properly) the absence of opposition"(Hobbes, Ch XXI Pg.261). When there is no opposition in a political system he calls it a single sovereign or Monarchical government. He believes that "true" liberty is only possible under a single sovereign because of the following reasons: multiple sovereign are inefficient, legitimate government necessitates the application of natural law, and sovereign government limit the self interest of people. Sovereign is the one who makes the best law for the society and under a sovereign society there is absolute control for human nature. .
Human nature (the state of nature) is hypothetical. Basis of human nature includes self interested, driven to survival, competition, fear, and aggression. It is basically war of all against all. True liberty is the basis to this state of nature, because it is the natural right to everything. Human beings are calculating machines. Their motivation is towards pleasure, away from pain. Here Hobbes attempt to believe in science of man. Hobbes believes that everything in the universe is matter in motion. The entire objects in universe are various compositions of matters. Human beings are like any other animals; their impulse drive to cognition is hunger. Human nature shaped by attaining knowledge. They attain knowledge from their senses, imagination and communication. Their knowledge is basically understanding. Reason and science move humans knowledge to understanding. Human nature attempt to survive the cost of others. Irrationality leads them to fear and hatred. They have the constant fear that something bad going to happen. When the political system is insecure, the people in the system feels like their life is nasty, brutish and short. Hobbes believe that single sovereign should best solve out the problems that is faced by the society and this type of government has the complete control over human nature and provide true liberty to the people.
