US intelligence along with help from other countries was eventually able to make a duplicate machine that would help them in decoding messages. Without help from espionage in this instance the US and their allies would be susceptible to unknown attacks and movements of armies without having a chance to prepare for it. Without proper deciphering of messages the battles could have been altered for the side of the Axis. A man by the name of William F. Friedman played a significant role in the world of American Espionage. After working to decode ciphering machines in World War I, Friedman looked to break the code of the Japanese ciphering machine named PURPLE. Friedman worked with a the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) to come up with a ciphering machine of their own that was considered unbreakable. After working seven days a week, for twelve hours a day, for four months, they finally cracked the machine. One of the greatest moves Friedman made was in the interception of the fortifications of Normandy, which made D-Day possible. His efforts led to the creation of a counterpart of PURPLE that allowed the USA to decipher its" messages. Friedman played a major role in making the defeat of Japan. Another help that USA Espionage did in the war was because it could show evidence of military moves. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a major part of the war. Intelligence historian David Kahn observed this: "Intelligence officers could have perhaps have foreseen the attack if the United States, years before, had instituted spies into high level Japanese military and naval circles, flown regular aerial reconnaissance of the Japanese navy, put intercept units aboard ships sailing close to Japan to pick up naval messages hat greatly expanded codebreaking unit might have cracked. . . . The intelligence failure at Pearl Harbor was not one of analysis but of collection." Although it was not necessarily a mistake, the attack, according to Historian David Kahn could have been either known of or prevented.
