By the end of their era they had realized that to flourish on earth they had to get smarter. The humans with this realization developed some effective tools like sharp edged flakes, hand axes etc. They also learnt the art to make fire. This was a milestone in human evolution, as the wild animals were afraid to approach large raging fires. These humans were called Homo erectus. They were able to hunt some animals and were able to settle down in an area and defend themselves against other predators. This was a big step in human civilization, since humans were now living in one of earliest forms of a civilization. They were developing new ways of making tools for hunting and would soon be called Homo sapiens, the modern human being.
The evidence of first human activity as a community where farming was a specialized trade practiced by a skilled group of people in the community dates back to approximately 10 thousand years ago as an average around the world. he farmers at this time were largely of Neolithic culture. This activity was witnessed at different times in different regions throughout the earth. The prominent cultures emerged in South West Asia (Middle East) around 10 thousand years ago, China and South East Asia around 12 thousand years ago, Mesoamerica around 9 to 7 thousand years ago, Mesopotamian civilization is believed to have existed around 9 thousand years ago. Each civilization contributed to the agricultural development in a unique way. .
The regions of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Pakistan are of most interest. Most of the important agricultural, social and cultural developments too place in this region. Mesopotamia, name means the land between two rivers. It was surrounded by Tigris and Euphrates and was prehistorically a very fertile and sparsely populated land. Egypt was the river valley for Nile River and Pakistan was irrigated by the rive Indus. They were equally fertile and very sparsely populated.
