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Civil war and reconstrution


            
            
             After the Mexican War was won, the question arose as to whether or not the newly acquired states would be allowed to have slavery. The anti-slavery movement was growing in America, fueled by men such as Garrison and books like Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. Ultimately, California came in as a free state, and Utah and New Mexico remained territories, which would decide their position based on popular sovereignty. The struggle continued in other mid-west states as well, becoming so violent in some cases for instance, Kansas, which was nicknamed "Bleeding Kansas" due to the many battles fought on it's soil.
             The fights between politicians were also very heated, and the tension came to a head when in 1860, Lincoln, was elected President and South Carolina succeeded from the Union, followed by Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Georgia, and Louisiana. This severance fomented the Civil War, which served as the gruesome confrontation of the numerous economic and cultural differences and disagreements, which had plagued the two regions since their conceptions in the 1600's. .
             The Civil War fighting began in 1861 at Bull Run. The war was long, gruesome, and the first true total war. Due to the fact that the new killing technologies greatly outweighed medical advancements, 650,000 Americans died, and though fighting was fierce on both sides, the North had the advantage of an overwhelming majority of supplies, while the South suffered a under a barrage of shortages and blockades. Thus the South, under the command of General Lee, surrendered to General Grant ,on April 9th 1865, after suffering devastation's at the Battle of Fort Wilderness and Sherman's March to the Sea .
             Reconstruction after the war attempted to repair the scared country. Due to great animosity on both sides this was very difficult, and made all the more so with Lincoln's assassination by a bitter Southerner. Northern radical's imposed their will and passed a hated Military Reconstruction in March of 1867.


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