Also, there have been rumors that he helped fund the early NAACP, although he was publicly against it. Overall, it is safe to say that Washington's strategies were a form of resistance.
One might say that WEB DuBois was the antagonist to Washington. DuBois criticized pragmatism because his main concern was with the future integration of the Black and white worlds in America. In Souls of Black Folk, DuBois speaks of a veil that needs to be uncovered in order for Blacks and whites to understand and share the humanity and thus souls of one another. In his post graduate years, DuBois was interested in nationalism "unifying a people "thus his reference to Otto Von Bismarck in his valedictorian commencement address at Fisk University. Because of his elite education, DuBois decided that science was the answer to rationally understanding and overcoming racism. An unimaginable experience in DuBois' life convinced him that racism was a much deeper issue than Science could rationalize. A suggestion for Blacks to participate in WWI proved to be a mistake, so DuBois decided to abandon liberalism and humanism in order to follow radical ideas. DuBois saw the Marxist idea of class conflict as a crucial dimension to US History. He argued that the economic system of a society generates inequality and thus class conflict generates racism and that together these ideas generate racial inequality. Basically, DuBois believed that in order for Blacks and whites to get along there had to be economic equality. Towards the end of his life, DuBois focused on internationalism because he believed that racism was a global problem. Although DuBois underwent many changes in his strategies due to his survival through the entire Reconstruction era (1868-1963), he was mostly concerned with the idea that an economic progress would open the door to a humane understanding of the Black and white world.
