.
A summary of the constitution, however, disguises the extent of Prussian domination, a domination that was to last until 1933. Prussia possessed two thirds of German territory and three fifths of the population, whereas her closest rival, Bavaria, had only one quarter of her territory and one fifth other population.
Constitutionally, Prussian dominance was secured in two ways: (a) the King of Prussia was to be hereditary head of the empire, controlling civil administration through the chancellor and the army through a military cabinet; (b) Prussia had sufficient voting power in the Federal Council to block any unwelcome constitutional amendment. She possessed 17 out of the 58 votes, as against Bavaria, the next highest, with 6. Since no less than 17 small states in this body possessed.
only one vote, Prussia could in practice usually secure a majority. Bismarck, already Prussian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister and now Imperial Chancellor, exercised many of the powers ascribed to the Crown in the Constitution. He presided over the Federal Council, which was more a collection of state delegates than an upper chamber, regulated disputes between states,.
prepared legislation for the Reichstag (the Imperial Parliament), and possessed the right, with his monarch's consent, to dissolve that body.
The new German Empire has been described as a compromise between Prussian particularise and German nationalism, between absolutism and constitutionalism, with Bismarck giving a democratic franchise as a concession to the liberals: but the veneer of liberalism was very thin and in reality the constitution was tilted in favour of Prussian authoritarianism.
For this reason Max Weber, Germany's leading sociologist, described the Bismarckian system as 'sham constitutionalism'. German historians on the Left, like Arthur Rosenberg. Have viewed this as the factor dooming the German Empire to ultimate failure.