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Somalia


            The anguished cries for help from the millions of starving Somali people were heard around the world. The inability of the international community to respond quickly to Somalia's mass starvation and civil warfare in the early 1990's is often cited by the United States critics of the United Nations. "For many years in the U.S., Somalia was viewed as a powerful symbol of the United Nations peacekeeping failure (Somalia in Focus, 1997)."".
             Located on the Horn of Africa along the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, lies Somalia. "Reoccurring power struggles with the lands of Somalia has been an ongoing problem for many centuries (Somalia in Focus, 1997)."" Since the early 1500's and 1600's, Portuguese traders fought with the Sultanate of Zanzibar for control of port cities and surrounding towns. In the mid 1800's, the fighting for Somaliland became a great struggle for countries to keep. Great Britain in 1887 reached a final agreement with local King Menelik and various tribal chiefs about the boundary lines that formed the British Somaliland. The Italian interest in Somalia's coast developed in the late 1800's and they also made agreements with tribal chiefs and marked out boundaries for an Italian Somaliland. .
             After Italy entered World War II in 1940, Italian troops invaded British Somaliland and took it over. The British returned the invasion in 1941 and recaptured British Somaliland and most of Italian Somaliland. Following Italy's defeat in World War II, Italy renounced all rights and titles to Italian Somaliland in 1947. Three years later, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution granting independence to Italian Somaliland after 10 years as a United Nation trust territory under Italian administrative control. On April 1, 1950, the British military government was replaced by a provisional Italian administration after Italy had accepted the terms of a UN trusteeship and the territory was named Somalia.


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