EPA is also working with the vehicle and fuel industries to test motor vehicle emissions for the presence of dioxin.
EPA estimates that mobile (car, truck, and bus) sources of air toxics account for as much as half of all cancers attributed to outdoor sources of air toxics. This estimate is not based on actual cancer cases, but on models that predict the maximum number of cancers that could be expected from current levels of exposure to mobile source emissions. The models consider available health studies, air quality data, and other information about the types of vehicles and fuels currently in use. Nonroad mobile sources (such as tractors and snowmobiles) emit air toxics as well.(Lee, 18).
Some toxic compounds are present in gasoline and are emitted to the air when gasoline evaporates or passes through the engine as unburned fuel. Benzene, for example, is a component of gasoline. Cars emit small quantities of benzene in unburned fuel, or as vapor when gasoline evaporates.
A significant amount of automotive benzene comes from the incomplete combustion of compounds in gasoline such as toluene and xylene that are chemically very similar to benzene.(Lee, 19) Like benzene itself, these compounds occur naturally in petroleum and become more concentrated when petroleum is refined to produce high octane gasoline.
Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, diesel particulate matter, and 1,3-butadiene are not present in fuel but are by-products of incomplete combustion. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are also formed through a secondary process when other mobile source pollutants undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
The emissions that come out of a vehicle depend greatly on the fuel that goes into it. Consequently, programs to control air toxics pollution have centered around changing fuel composition as well as around improving vehicle technology or performance. One of the first, and most successful programs has been the removal of lead from gasoline.
Electric Vehicles vs. ... Electric cars have been looked at as a possible solution, but are they viable? Today, the automobile has become our major source of mass transportation. ... One prominent alternative of fueled vehicles is the electric car. ... There are heavy drawbacks, but the advantages greatly outweigh the disadvantages. ...
Electric Vehicles Matt Scott College Prep Environmental demand for cleaner air has put a heavy burden on the automobile, much improved by stringent exhaust stands but still a significant source of pollution. ... Electric cars have many advantages: Less dependence on foreign oil because of a reduction of petroleum requirements Reduction in maintenance costs Reliability Simplicity of operation Improvement in air quality because of elimination of vehicle exhaust emissions Low energy cost? (Barbara Whitener 9) Despite these advantages electric cars have not be...
Hybrid engines are engines that use a combination of gasoline and electric energy in order to maximize the efficiency of our automobiles. ... But recently, I noticed that car companies actually had plans to produce the gasoline electric cars commercially. ... But the problem is that many don't take advantage of this system. Most of those that are traveling to work, however, don't take advantage of this system (http://www.calacog.org). ... Carbon monoxide emitted from automobiles contribute...
Electric Cars Electric Cars History: Early electric vehicles may have appeared as early as 1830. ... Shortly after the Kohlsaat race, Thomas Edison said he believed gasoline, not electricity, would provide the dominant power source for the automobile of the future. ... Consequently, says Quinn, "Despite the environmental advantages of electric vehicles, other alternative fuel technologies will remain on the scene - and even dominate certain vehicle markets." Advantages/Disadvantages: There are many advantages to driving an electric car. ... Third, electric cars are quiet. ...
One hundred years ago, the electric streetcar revolutionized urban public transportation. ... The sheer volume of automobiles and buses chokes the streets and brings traffic to a crawl. ... Taxi 2000's PRT have many advantages for individuals and the community as the following: take passengers directly to their destination without stopping at any other stations and operate on demand - not on a schedule where passengers have to wait for service. ... The vehicles are propelled and braked by a pair of linear electric motors controlled separately by a pair of solid-state, variable-frequency d...
The hydrogen fuel cell has advantages over the internal combustion engine. ... Unlike Automobiles that run on batteries fuel cells are almost endlessly rechargeable and offer more power which is a distinct advantage over electric cars such as GMC's EV1. Disadvantages There are currently a few disadvantages of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile. ... The most practical alternative seems to be the hybrid gasoline electric vehicle. ... Pros and Cons I believe the hydrogen fuel cell automobile is the future of the industry. ...
Toyota and Hyundai both manufactured automobiles that run on hydrogen fuel. ... Therefore, other automobile companies are trying to enter the market with their own niche and environmentally friendly alternatives including electric vehicles, hybrids, and biodiesel cars. ... However, it also act as reassurance that other drivers won't take advantage of the car's performance by going on a spirited joy ride. ... Competitive Advantage Tesla's electric powertrain has enormous potential for reducing fuel consumption especially for large, heavy vehicles. ... By doing this, Tesla has bee...
Environmental Protection Agency, more than half of air pollution in the USA is caused by mobile sources, mainly automobiles (EPA). ... A hybrid car is a combination of a gasoline powered car and electric powered car. Hybrid cars have an internal combustion engine and a fuel tank including one or more electric motors and a battery pack. They burn gasoline but use their electric motors to collect and reuse the energy that in ordinary automobiles goes to waste. ... The Hybrid car was invented to help protect the Earth and be environmentally friendly by reusing energy and more people should take a...
There are three new types of fuel-efficient cars, but all with advantages and drawbacks. ... The gas engine continually recharges the electric motor so there is no need for a huge battery like in an electric vehicle. ... The Electric car is powered by an electric motor and batteries to provide drivers with another alternative to cars relying on fossil fuels. ... Since most car trips are less than 75 mi, electric cars can help meet the needs of many two- or three-car families (El-Messidi, Automobile Industry). ... A public goal of that magnitude constitutes a major shift in the automobile indus...
