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SCHIZOPHRENIA


There is also inability to talk, extreme compliance, and absence of almost all voluntary actions is also common. This state of inactivity is at times preceded or interrupted by episodes of excessive motor activity and excitement, generally of an impulsive, unpredictable kind (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2003). The onset of catatonic schizophrenia often occurs with dramatic suddenness. Catatonic schizophrenia reflects the individual's reduced neurological ability to filter out stimuli (Fortinash and Holoday-Worret, 1995). A person with catatonic schizophrenia presents a nursing challenge. Delusions often persist throughout the withdrawal state. Oddly enough, although this individual may seem not to be attending to the environment around him, when he later returns to a normal state of consciousness he will remember in detail what has occurred (Fortinash and Holoday-Worret, 1995). .
             The last type is paranoid schizophrenia, which usually arises later in life than other types, is characterized primarily by delusions of persecution and combined with unrealistic, illogical thinking, often accompanied by hallucinations (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2003). .
             Two characteristics that have been extensively studied with regard to schizophrenia are age and gender. The disease in females is significantly greater than it is in males. The modal age at onset for women is between 25 and mid-30s (First, 2000). The different subtypes of schizophrenia tend to appear at different times in the specific gender. In males, the paranoid type, in which delusions or auditory hallucinations of a persecutory nature are present, appears earlier than in females. On the other hand, the disorganized subtype, which indicates confusion in speech, disorganization in behavior and inappropriate effect, appears earlier in females than in males (Castle and Murray, 1993). Over the course of time there is no difference in prevalence of schizophrenia between males and females (Kaplan and Sadock, 2003).


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