(Selections 104) .
Emerson's alternative to this flawed Christianity is a form of worship based on the "primary faith" inherent in all of us, along with an interpretation of Jesus as a person, who more than anyone, realized his primary faith and appreciated "the worth of a man." (Selections 105) These ideas are deeply rooted in Unitarianism, a branch of Christianity focused on the individual ( which Emerson practiced temporarily before deciding even it was too formal). Emerson says that the "primary faith" - or man's instinctual feelings and desires- is a "Gift from God," and makes all of us divine. ( Selections 107) His proof of this individual divinity is the universal moral sentiment that we are all born with - we instinctually know what is right and wrong, and we are rewarded with feelings of ennoblement after doing good deeds and punished with guilt after doing bad deeds. In his address he states, "If a man is at heart just, then in so far is he God; the safety of God, the immortality of God, the Majesty of God do enter into that man with justice." ( Selections 102) This, he feels, was true of Jesus who, "spoke of miracles; for he felt that man's life was a miracle." ( Selections 105) He presents a picture of Jesus that the common man could for the first time in history relate to and strive to emulate. Emerson never denies that the miracles .
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attributed to Jesus occurred, but he urges that man not worship him for these miracles, but rather for his appreciation of the "primary faith," and for what he was able to find in himself. This alternative tells the common Christian, or any person of faith, that they need not read scripture or even go to Church to find God, they must find divinity within themselves. .
Frederick Douglass" critique of Christianity centers around the hypocrisy of Southern slave owners. In chapter 9 of his Narrative, Douglass describes his master Captain Auld, who after attending a Methodist camp, became " more cruel and hateful in all his ways a worse man after his conversion than before.