Fuel cells are a new type of energy that converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and heat when they are joined together. This new type of energy production promises to be more efficient and less environmentally damaging. There are different types of fuel cells. The differences occur in the type of electrolyte used. Some fuel cells will be used to power cars, houses, and other smaller energy consuming things. Other fuel cells will be used to provide energy at power plants. .
Fuel cells generate electricity through chemical reaction. Oxygen atoms enter the cell to the anode, this strips the atom of its electrons. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, a positive and negative one called the cathode and anode, respectively. These reactions take place in the electrodes to produce electricity. The electrolyte carries the electrically charge particles from one electrode to another. Catalysts speed up the the reaction of the electrodes. .
The basic basis of how a fuel cell works may not sound difficult, but scientists have yet to discovery a fast and cheap way to mass produce the cells. You are not able to simply go out and buy a fuel cell, not yet at least. Scientists have completed countless hours of research to develop fuel cells of different sizes and types for greater efficiency. The type of cell is determined by the type of electrolyte it uses. Some electrolyte requires pure hydrogen, and need a "reformer" to purify the fuel. Some cells can tolerate less pure fuel sources, but require higher temperature to run efficiently. Liquid electrolytes require pumps which can be bulky and expensive. .
Scientists have yet to discover an economic way to bring fuel cells into the mainstream, and replace conventional ways of producing energy.
The future of fuel cells looks promising. It may take an event or circumstance that limits our present supply of energy to prompt the government to make the transition to.
