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EMDR

            Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychological method that is used to help treat experimental based disorders and emotional difficulties that are caused by negative or disturbing life experiences. EMDR is a controversial therapy that has been and still is heavily researched. Many remarkable claims have come from the use of EMDR. While many traditional therapies may take years to successfully alleviate people's problems, EMDR may only take a few sessions. .
             EMDR emerged in 1987 when Francine Shapiro, while walking through a park, accidentally discovered that eye movements decreased the negative emotions associated with distressing memories she had. After discovering this she then tried it on other people and realized it had the same effect on them. She realized the eye movements were not the only component that produced the therapeutic effect. Shapiro added a cognitive component and set up a standard procedure. She called this new procedure Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD). She conducted several case studies and controlled studies to test the effectiveness of EMD. In 1989 Shapiro's initial controlled study on the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with EMD was published. In 1991 she changed the name from EMD to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). She changed the name to help reflect the insights and cognitive changes that occurred during treatment. In 1995 after most of the controlled studies had been published, the term "experimental" was disassociated with EMDR and the first text book describing the procedure was published. .
             EMDR is performed by trained physicians or psychologists. During EMDR a patient visualizes the traumatic event and internally repeats the associated irrational cognition or negative self treatment at the same time as the eye movement or some other form of external stimulus. The procedure is divided up into eight stages.


Essays Related to EMDR

1. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new and highly controversial form of exposure therapy. ... Shapiro is criticized for reaching conclusions in experimentation with EMDR before fully establishing the validity of her findings (Liu, 1996). Still, more than 30,000 mental health workers have been trained in EMDR therapy and have treated more than 2 million patients worldwide since 1989 (Boodman, 2001). The EMDR Institute reports that recent studies of EMDR provide evidence of 77 to 90 percent success rates (Scroppo, 2001). However, the efficacy of EMDR techniques may a...

  • Word Count: 3159
  • Approx Pages: 13
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Psychological Effects of the Holocaust

There are three types of psychotherapy: cognitive, exposure, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). ... EMDR is a type of therapy that can change the way you react to situations by eye movements. ...

  • Word Count: 2375
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Has Bibliography

3. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Soldier Reintegraion

Introduction In today's society we are damaged with events considered "out of our control " which can result in a traumatic event. Traumatic events are experiences that cause physical, emotional, psychological distress, or harm; This event is perceived and experienced as a threat to one's safety or to the stability of one's world (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2014).Succeeding the experience or witnessing of serious events such as military combat, terrorist incidents, or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood describes the psychiatric illness known as Posttrau...

  • Word Count: 4175
  • Approx Pages: 17
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Educating Traumatized Children

Karen Zilberstein writes in her article "Neurocognitive Considerations in the Treatment of Attachment and Complex Trauma in Children" that "In addition to more normative treatments for attachment and trauma, numerous repetitions of positive relationships and rhythmic activities (e.g. dancing, drumming, movement, massage, EMDR) are needed to stimulate and reorganize brain systems implicated in emotional regulation.? ...

  • Word Count: 1717
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as a type of disorder involving impaired functioning following exposure to a traumatic experience, such as combat, rape or other physical assault, technological or natural disasters. Impairment in which the person experiences such problems as reliving or re-experiencing the trauma, intense fear, avoidance of event related stimuli, general numbing of emotional responsiveness, and heightened autonomic arousal (Nevid & Greene, 2001 p. 492). To explore this disturbing abnormal behavior, one must examine how PTSD is assessed, what symptoms one can ex...

  • Word Count: 1921
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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