As a consequence, it is worthy of attention and in fact aroused wide attention in the world. The main reason for such attention can be summarized as: the victims are negligent in selecting their trade partners or they are ignorant in technique while doing commercial transactions. Nowadays, Maritime Frauds are increasingly rampant in South China Sea. Therefore, in order to prevent Maritime Frauds from further spreading, we should first be aware of what the fundamental types of Maritime Frauds are occurring in China, and the cause of increasing spread of Maritime Frauds in China. This article will take the types as the starting points of the author's expounding. .
II. Basic types of Maritime Frauds in China.
Maritime Fraud presents a variety of types. Based on different criterion it can be classified into different types. Based on the methods used in the frauds, the author classifies them into four different types as follows:.
A. Documentary Fraud.
Documentary Frauds means that swindler acts fraudulently by taking advantage of loopholes in the network of international trade and by forging Bill of Lading and other documents or bills and by other cheating means.
In the "Marol" case, the seller forged the Bill of Lading to the effect that the carrying vessel was "Marol" in an attempt to get the Letter of Credit honored. After investigation the buyer found that during the period of lay days the ship did not call at the loading port. The buyers instituted legal actions with the Xiamen Maritime Court, and applied for preservation of the property by the court. As a consequence, the court stopped ruled payment of the costs of the shipments.
In the "Patroclos" case, the sellers forged the Bill of Lading with description of the cargo not being in line with facts in collusion with the carriers. The carriers disseminated false information and altered ports of call in an attempt to gain the payments under the Letter of Credit.
