According to a recent study done in Canada on high school and college students 72% of 20-24 year olds reported drinking alcohol regularly. Early twenties was the peak age for frequency and quantity drinking as it tends to decline as adult roles are initiated (Jessor, Donovan, and Costa, 1991). Prevalence studies have shown it is more normative to drink during adolescence than it is not to drink. This peer pressure to fit in increases the likeliness of binge drinking, to follow as the others do, to be considered "normal", and to avoid the possibilities of being labeled an outcast. This aspect can be paralleled Levenger's studies of how individuals are more likely to participate in risky activities/behaviors (such as binge drinking) when involved in group activities. This makes the dangerous activity seems less risky to an adolescent due to the fact so many of his/her friends are involved. This also makes risk more valued. Despite the possibility of serious harm from binge drinking and alcohol misuse, drinking may also serve important constructive functions for adolescence, such as helping them make friends, let off steam, indicate a transition to a more mature status, or explore personal identities (Chassin, Presson, and Sherman, 1989). Some scientist have argued that experimenting with risk behaviors such as drinking alcohol has become one of the developmental tasks or rites of passage of adolescence in Western societies (Baumrind, 1985; Jessor, 1987; Schulenberg, O"Malley, Bachman, Wadsworth, and Johnston, 1996; Shedler and Block, 1990). .
Theory and Hypothesis: .
The action perspective assumes that human development is initiated and directed by the intentions and goals of developing individuals. That is, humans shape their own development through goal-directed action (Silbereisen and Eyferth, 1986). Thus drinking can be viewed as rational, goal-directed action. "The present study viewed students alcohol use as a purposive behavior directed toward the attainment of instrumental, developmentally relevant goals.