On October 16th, the remaining ninety thousand men in the Red Army began their retreat known as the Long March. Mao was named head of the Central Committee and his followers replaced most of the other men. On October 25, 1935, The Red Army reached its goal, the Shensi Province far in the northwest of China. In Shensi, they set up their headquarters and founded a new soviet. (Goldston, 114-133) .
In 1937, Mao began to fight a double front. He was fighting the Japanese, but also maintaining and strengthening the soviets in the north. He knew that a great confrontation would come eventually with Kuomintang. The armed forces of the Chinese Communist party were setting up bases, working with the people, and establishing the social revolution for China even as the military fought the Japanese enemy. For the next eight years the war against Japan took precedence over anything else. Mao's Communists never lost sight of their goal to control the revolution that would change all of China. (Hoyt, 164). .
When the Japanese finally surrendered in 1945, only the Communists were ready for it. The Communists took over the countryside and Chiang Kaishek (A nationalist leader and head of the Kuomintang), with American naval assistance, took over the cities. The Nationalist government of China was the "legitimate" government, recognized by the Big Three powers and sanctified by the United Nations. Mao and the Communists were not recognized by the United Nations (Even today communist China is not allowed to participate in the UN but democratic Taiwan is). The Chinese Communists moved across north China to take the Japanese surrenders and get the weapons and supplies that the Imperial Japanese Army held. The Nationalists ordered the Japanese to fight the Communists and hold the territory to surrender to the Nationalists. The Americans sent Gen. George C. Marshall to try to settle the disputes in China.