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The Election of 1848


            While a three party election had existed in the past, during the election of 1848 the existence of a third party had a major impact on the results for the first time in history. The questions regarding slavery clearly became the single most important factor in the election for the president of the United States. Whether or not to allow slavery in the areas acquired because of the Mexican War became the major issue of the election campaign. .
             During the national convention of the Whig party in June of 1848, Zachary Taylor, a war hero, was the clear favorite. He received the needed two-thirds of the votes necessary to be nominated, on the fourth ballot. Taylor said very little with regard to slavery even though he himself owned 200 slaves. He was very careful not to make any public comments for, or against, the Wilmot Proviso, which was a recent amendment that banned slavery in all lands acquired from Mexico. Taylor's supporters presented him as someone who could support both the North and the South. However, since he owned slaves himself, most people considered him to favor pro-slavery.
             The Democrats nominated Lewis Cass, of Michigan, as their presidential candidate. Cass was a proponent of popular sovereignty, which meant that the people in any new territory should have the right to vote whether or not to permit slavery. Unlike Taylor, Cass was a career politician having served as governor and senator of Michigan.
             Many people who opposed slavery became frustrated with the fact that neither candidate would address the issue of slavery. As a result, the Free Soil Party was formed by individuals from both the Whigs and Democrats. Martin Van Buren, a former Democratic president, was nominated as their candidate. Van Buren and the Free Soil Party ran their campaign in total opposition to the expansion of slavery. .
             Although Van Buren did not carry any states, the ten percent of the total vote that he did receive was enough to ensure Taylor's victory.


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