-Thermodynamics-branch of physics dealing with processes and laws governing the transformation of heat into other forms of energy, heat<--->mechanical work.
-Some names of thermo-Rumford, Davy, Carnot, R.J. Meyer, James Joule-Kelvin/Clausis-thermo theory, Gibbs.
-Thermo-study of macroscopic systems-micro systems include mass, velocity, and KE-marco level includes-temp, vol, pressure, thermoconductivity, viscosity, heat capacity.
-Maxwell-1859-distribution of the speed of molecules in a gas. .
-Statistical Mechanics-study of the avg. motion, looks at the distribution an example being Maxwell distrib.
-Kinetic theory-looks at the same thing as the above example but for each molecule per particle, describes the behavior of, and the velocity, mass, mom, KE,-1872 Boltzmann.
-Internal energy of a sys.-system-avg. collection of objects you want to consider, v, pi=mipi, PE, within the sys., internal to the sys. Ignore external factors, motion relative to each other, and the forces between parts of the system.
-3 ways to change internal E-1) add or remove heat, 2) doing work on it or it doing work on something, 3) adding or removing particles that undergo reactions.
-D.O.F. Characteristics-ways to describe a system, the energy, 8 usual d.o.f., translational, rotational, vibrational .
-Brownian Motion- size 1micrometer in liquid,size H20 1nanometer- the particle would jiggle-symmetric distribution- .
-Conduction-heat flow through a material.
-Convection-physical flow through a liquid or gas.
-Radiation-.
-Qin=heat into a system-Eint=3/2NKbT.
-Work-W=F**X-.
-Particle transfer- add 1 particle with an attractive interaction, example-water beading up-due to attractive force causes molecular vibration-.
-First Law of thermo-energy conservation-.
U-is path dependant- Q and W-are path independent-.
-State of a system-specify outcome of exper. or condition-i.e.-2 dice, 1 red, 1 white, 1 trial, throw dice-state= the number on the top of the dice not the sum of the two-.