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Lincoln


            Lincoln was surrounded by chaos during the war years. He strongly embraced one basic proposition: to preserve the Union. In his Gettysburg Address, he asserted "a new birth of freedom." For Lincoln, the concept of a democratic America symbolized "the last, best hope of earth." This basic, yet weighty concept, defined the essence of this conflict: there would be no compromise. We can't help but ask: was his approach to the war a symbiotic expression, based on his personal approach to the idiosyncratic tragedies of his own life?.
             Lincoln vowed to preserve the Union even if it meant war. He eventually raised an army and navy of nearly 3 million northern men to face a southern army of over 2 million soldiers. In battles fought from Virginia to California (but mainly in Virginia, in the Mississippi River Valley, and along the border states) a great civil war tore the United States apart. In pursuing victory, Lincoln assumed extra-legal powers over the press; virtually ignored the Supreme Court, declared martial law in areas where no military action justified it, quelled draft riots with armed soldiers, and drafted soldiers to fight for the Union cause. No president in history had ever exerted so much executive authority, but he did so not for personal power but in order to preserve the Union.
             What started as a war to preserve the Union became a battle for freedom and a war to end slavery when Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in January of 1863. Although the Proclamation did not free all slaves in the nation "indeed, no slaves outside of the Confederacy were affected by the Proclamation "it was an important symbolic gesture that identified the Union with freedom and the death of slavery. As part of the Proclamation, Lincoln also urged black males to join the Union forces as soldiers and sailors. By the end of the war, nearly 200,000 African Americans had fought for the Union cause, and Lincoln referred to them as indispensable in ensuring Union victory.


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