Mahatma Gandhi was one of the greatest political and social reformers of all time. In this paper I will show how some of the methods he created to achieve his many aims were more successful than others. .
Gandhi's aims.
Gandhi's main aim was to gain independence for India. His constructive programme involved plans to improve India and make it ready for Swaraj (home rule), starting with the rural areas or villages. The aims of the constructive programme were to promote village industries by asking people in villages everywhere to spin and wear khadi cloth (plain cloth made from yarn spun at home made from a handloom), to encourage people to speak Indian languages instead of English and to support the rights of women and untouchables. Another aim of the constructive programme was to improve Hindu-Muslim relations, education in rural areas and health care. These aims were part of the greater goal of returning to Swadeshi (India's traditional way of life). .
Gandhi's non-violent methods (satyagraha).
The non-violent methods used by Gandhi to fight racial injustice, oppression and British rule in India were called satyagraha. Satyagraha meantthe force that is born of truth and love and non-violence?. Gandhi tried to ensure that the acts of satyagraha followed certain guidelines: .
1. Each act was to have a clear, justifiable and declared aim.
2. Protesters should try to change the opinion of their opponents by using non-violence and accepting punishments.
3. Protesters should try to find an outcome that all sides could accept. .
Gandhi's non-violent methods included organising marches, leading a model life, fasting, leading strikes and non-cooperation with the British.
Marches.
In South Africa Gandhi threatened to organise a march and the South African government sent him to jail and this led to strikes by miners and plantation workers. As a result, sympathy was gained from all parts of the world for the Indians in South Africa.