Genetic factors may contribute to the development of a seizure disorder, but in many cases are not a primary cause. It can also be associated with other neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy. .
There are two basic types of seizures: Generalized and Partial. These two types are more commonly known as Grand Mal and Petit Mal. These refer to how much of the brain experiences the abnormal electrical activity. The form, intensity and duration of the seizures are related to the number and type of brain cells which are affected.
When a person experiences a Generalized Seizure, the whole brain is affected. The individual may experience a lapse of consciousness and convulsions. The person may also be affected in the loss of their motor functions and bladder or bowel control.
In a Partial Seizure, abnormal electrical activity occurs only in a part of the brain. There is a loss of consciousness, although with "simple partial" seizures, there is usually a decrease in consciousness. However, specific effects depend on the part of the brain involved. Common effects may include a dazed state, automatic purposeless behavior such as lip-smacking, or jerking movements in a certain part of the body.
Seizure activity is sometimes preceded by sensations involving the five senses, such as sound, an unpleasant odor or taste, a sinking or rising feeling in the stomach or head, or spots before their eyes. This is referred to as the "aura". Some people may be able to train themselves to recognize the aura as a warning sign and prepare themselves or the oncoming seizure by taking preventative measures to protect themselves from possible injury.
Diagnostic examinations will vary depending on the needs of the person. Diagnosis usually involves a thorough physical and neurological examination, a detailed medical history, analysis of blood and other bodily fluids, an electroencephalogram (EEG), and a computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.
