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Mentrual cycle


            The menstrual cycle starts in girls shortly after puberty, around 12 years of age for most people and is a good example of interactions between the nervous system and several hormones. This can be a painful experience for some girls but for others can be a relatively painless thing that is a minor "inconvenience" to them. The surrounding environment can affect the timing of menstruation, in some convents all women have their period at the same time, how much stress the person is under or even the diet they are taking is known to affect it. The cycle for a human takes around 28 days but in other mammals this could occur only once or twice a year in which they are said to be "on heat.".
             So, assuming the cycle is twenty-eight days, when do we decide what is the starting of the new cycle and the end of another? It is usually customary in medical practice to consider the first day of menstruation as the first day of the new cycle, however most biologists prefer to regard the end of the bleeding as the start of the new cycle. Only once this shedding of the old lining of the uterus has finished then a new cycle can begin in the woman.
             What happens to begin with is that the hypothalamus initiates the cycle at about day 4 by secreting gonadotrophins that starts the production of FSH, follicle stimulating hormone, and LH, Luteinizing hormone, from the anterior pituitary. The role of these two hormones are as follows: FSH initiates the development of several primary follicles, each containing a primary oocyte, of which one will develop further and the others will stop growing ready for next time. As well as this it stimulates the production of the ovarian hormone estrogen from the stroma of the follicles, whose function shall be explained in due course. LH job is to make the graafian follicle ovulate and to produce the corpus luteum, which too has a large role to play later on in the cycle.
             As the graafian follicle grows it will begin to secrete more and more estrogen, whose job is to heal and repair the uterine lining after menstruation.


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