Millions of people are diagnosed with affective disorders. Of those affective disorders, more than 2 million in the United States suffer from manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder). "High prevalence and chronicity of affective disorders are the main reasons why they constitute such a significant public health burden" (Ayuso-Mateos, 2004). "The burden imposed by affective disorders is expected to increase by 2020, largely as a consequence of the improved control of communicable diseases and the resultant increased survival into older age" (Ayuso-Mateos, 2004).
While early diagnosis and proper treatment are paramount to well-being, misdiagnosis is frequently experienced. "It takes a person an average of 10 years, and an average of four doctors, to get properly diagnosed," said Gloria Pope, a spokesperson for the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance.
Proper diagnosis requires education at the general practitioner level. They (general practitioners) have the opportunity to intervene since they are more likely to see patients suffering from the disorder sooner than a mental health care professional.
The use of Psychoeducation (PE) has grown in recent years. Used in conjunction with medication, PE appears to reduce the rate of relapse among those suffering Bipolar Disorder. Psychoeducation involves educating the patient concerning their illness and the treatments involved. "Emphasis is placed on recognizing early signs of relapse so that patients can seek medical care before a full-blown illness episode develops" (NIMH, 2000).
Treatment of bipolar disorder is done mainly through the use of medications: lithium, anti-depressives and anticonvulsant medications, but environment also has been shown to play a factor in episodes. Patients should take into account sleep habits, diet and exercise. A poor sleep routine can trigger mania attacks, while certain foods or additives can prompt mania and depression.
