They also believed that unilateralism, moves made by one nation alone, was inherently unstable. All these elements seemed ideal and that they could work, but they needed the other theory of peace in order to complete it.
The second theory of peace was the realist way of thinking. They did not believe that these principles could be imposed upon the nations of the world. They asserted that sovereignty was not negotiable, and these principles would not be followed by many nations. There is no equality of the nations; there are powerful nations, as well as weak ones. Peace would be maintained by a group of the most powerful nations, rather than built loosely upon hopes and unrealistic expectations. .
The need for a new world governing body was realized in 1941 when Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt met and wrote a set of principles called the Atlantic Charter. These were fought over in Great Britain because their country was weak, and they thought Churchill was being stubborn in trying to maintain their worldly influence. This was important because it was combined with the sphere of influence Russia received in 1943, which was also not received well.
The Dumbarton Oaks Proposal, as the United Nations Charter was known, was the constitution drafted in 1944 dealing with how all member states would unify to maintain peace and better the world. The General Assembly and Security Council were approved as the two levels of membership. The Security Council was comprised of the five powers at the time, the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, the United Kingdom, France, and China. Fifty-one nations of the world affirmed the United Nations in 1945 at the Yalta Conference. This created the United Nations and locked in the membership and voting procedures that were to be used. .
The new Charter was much better suited to fulfill the needs of the world than the League of Nations.