But this was not the end of reform in the Ottoman Empire. .
The reforms started again two years later in 1808 under Sultan Mahmud II, who, like Selim before him, was primarily a military reformer. Mahmud II ordered the creation of a new European style army and when the Janissaries started to revolt again, he used it to crush them. Within a few hours the Janissaries were gone for good. What followed was a rapid paced program that changed the Ottoman order. Mahmud II's first priority was to change the army along European lines. It was trained by Prussian and French officers and British Naval advisers. Mahmud II then went on to establish a medical school for the army located in Istanbul, and the School of Military sciences. .
The next series of major reforms in the Ottoman empire took place during what is know as the Tanzimat era, which was from 1839-1876. The first steps of reform came in the form of two royal decrees, the first issued by Reshid Pasha. The first decree, the Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane, promised administrative reforms such as the abolition of tax farming, the standardization of military recruitment, and the elimination of corruption. What was special about this was the fact that the reforms were meant to affect all Ottoman subjects, regardless of religion. In 1856, a second decree was put out, the Hatt-i Humayan. This decree repeated the principles of the first and the promises of the equality of all subjects were made clearer. This meant that muslims and non- muslims were to have equal opportunities for state employment and admission to state schools. The Tanzimat officials also established schools for civilians. The two most important ones were the civil service school and the Imperial Ottoman Lycee at Galatasaray. Another major reform of the period was the Ottoman constitution of 1867. The constitution provided for an elected chamber of deputies and senate.
