" (Goldberg, 1974). The next group of surgeries is a form Muslims refer to as "sunna", it involves the cutting of the clitoral hood. The third and more radical form of female circumcision is known as excision or clitoridectomy. Under this procedure the entire clitoris and all part of the labia minoria is removed. The most extreme form of female genital surgeries is infibulation, which cuts the clitoris, labia minora and often the entire medial part of the labia majora. "The external sides of the vagina are then sewn together using catgut or thorns, leaving only a tiny opening for the passage of urine and menstrual blood. 15% to 30% of all girls who undergo this mutilation die from tetanus infection, shock, and uncontrolled hemorrhaging." (Hosken, 2001) There are many blood vessels in the clitoris, including the dorsal artery, so that when the clitoris is cut, young girls often bleed to death. Infibulation is practiced mostly in the Sudan, Somalia and Ethiopia; sunna, clitoridectomy and, to a lesser degree, infibulation are performed in other parts of Africa and parts of Asia.
Critics of the practice argue that the term "female circumcision" inappropriately mislabels the more extreme forms of female genital surgery, specifically, clitoridectomy and infibulations. Many of these critics use the phrase "female genital mutilation" to describe all forms of female genital surgeries, insisting that any irreversible removal of a healthy organ of tissue is mutilated.
The practice of female circumcision carries potential health risks and consequences. The actual number of deaths resulting from female circumcision is unavailable. Immediate health consequences may include shock, gangrene, and accidental damage to the urethra. More long term effects involved with female circumcision include scarring urinary tract infection, and infertility. Complication with childbirth are almost unavoidable for infibulated woman.
You have just been subjected to female circumcision. ... There are four main reasons for performing female circumcision. ... The risks of female circumcision extend from infertility to perineum damage. ... Female circumcision is an important part of the societies that practice it. ... Now ask yourself is female circumcision morally wrong. ...
Female circumcision, the partial or total cutting away of the external female genitalia, has been practiced for centuries. ... Female circumcision is practiced in many forms. ... The origins of female circumcision are relatively unknown. ... Female circumcision crosses religious lines. ... There is no reference to female circumcision in the Qur"an. ...
Female circumcision is practiced worldwide. ... Female circumcision is practiced in Africa to this day. ... In Africa, there are four main forms of female circumcision. ... The actual number of deaths resulting from female circumcision is unavailable. ... In a society, which requires female circumcision, women are the minority group. ...
FEMALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumcision has been done around the world since the era of B.C. ... Female circumcision however is done in different procedures and has many "purposes" as to why this practice takes place. Female circumcision, commonly known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is practiced in over 30 countries in the world. ... The first procedure is called Sunna Circumcision. ... Althaus says, "Female Circumcision is an integral part of the societies that practice it, where patriarchal authority and control of female sexuality and fertility are given. ...
Female circumcision, the partial or total cutting away of the external female genitalia, has been practiced for centuries in parts of Africa, generally, as one element of a rite of passage preparing young girls for womanhood and marriage. ... The practice of female "circumcision," or traditional female genital surgery, is simultaneously complex and controversial. ... There are significant medical sequelae and public health ramifications of female circumcision; therefore most U.S. physicians probably would agree that programs to abolish it should continue. ... Female circumcision is ...
In The Science, Rogaia Mustafa Abushard explains female circumcision, a ritual performed in Africa and parts of Asia. ... The circumcision has much serious health risks including depression, miscarriages, AIDS, and other infectious diseases, or even the possibility of death. A majority of these women would not have subjected their children to circumcision if they were aware of the health risks involved. ...
Without religious or racial prejudice, who is to affirm whether male circumcision and female genital modification are a basic human right or cruel punishment that must be put to an end immediately? As to if male circumcision and female genital modification should be performed, is a controversial question. ... Though there is much controversy placed on male circumcision, there is none more placed than on female genital modification. ... So while male circumcision seems to be a matter of humans" rights, female genital modification can fall in none other than humans" rights abuse. In countries su...
Female circumcision is just recently becoming an issue. This practice has been going on for centuries in the African and Arabic communities. This practice is done to keep women "pure" before they are married. In most cases it is done in unsanitary conditions using razor blades, scissors, kitchen ...
Female Circumcision: Rite of Passage or Violation of Human Rights? ... In Africa, female circumcision has been an integral part of society for centuries. ... Female circumcision has stood as part of their cultural and ethnic identity; and some perceive it as a religious obligation. ... Female circumcision is an integral part of societies that practice it, where patriarchal authority and control of female sexuality and fertility are unspoken traditions. ... Assuming the sequence of events towards implementation was rallied by the majority of the Kenyans, the government has the right to st...
