An example of this could be the development of a new handwriting which Carolingian scribes used to copy the Bible and other books. This handwriting was called Carolingian Minuscule. The Carolingian Renaissance could be considered an important factor in the rise and sophistication of the Carolingian Empire.
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Charlemagne was also responsible for much of the expansion of his empire during the mid- 700's. Charlemagne's political and military strength held such a presence in Europe that, at the turn of the ninth century, he was crowned emperor of the Romans, by Pope Leo III. This sacred event secured Charlemagne with full acceptance from the church, something that had not been done for about 324 years. .
The Frankish ruler conquered the Lombard kingdom in 774, and Bavaria in 787, taking lands and treasure from the Avars, and added them to his already large kingdom. He also established himself in much of Italy, freeing Rome from the fear of that particular enemy. Charlemagne also declared war in Spain in 778, when people called the Basques waylaid him and wiped out much of his guard, but, in the end, Charlemagne and his guard emerged victorious. Charlemagne waged his most weary and austere war campaign against a pagan people in Northeastern Germany called the Saxons around 772. He eventually suppressed the Saxons after many years of war expanding his empire and forcing the Saxons to accept Christianity. .
By 800 A. D., Charlemagne had expanded and magnified his vast realm from Central Italy north to Denmark and from Eastern Germany west all the way to the Atlantic ocean. During this time of expansion Charlemagne continued to stay on top of the world; not only was he emperor of the most powerful empire in Europe, he was also on good terms with the church, and even followed a policy of friendship with the Christian church. Not only did Charlemagne protect his throne and empire; he also protected the Church and continually extended its power in the process.
