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The applications of gm technology

Even single changes in the amino acid sequence can cause dramatic and often catastrophic effects on protein function (e.g. sickle cell disease).
             Once the proteins are folded correctly and transported to their final location inside or outside the cell.
             In several cases proteins do not become fully functional until they have reached their final location. Several proteins, in particular hormones and enzymes, are made as precursor proteins that require activation, usually by enzymic removal of a small section of the polypeptide.
             (Professor Neil Bulleid, 03/2001).
             Multiple copies of these genes can be generated and introduced into different organisms in a process called genetic engineering or genetic modification. For example a human gene coding for insulin can be introduced into bacteria to produce human insulin.
             "The benefit of this technology is that the bacterial cells multiply rapidly, they can be grown very efficiently and they can potentially synthesise large quantities of insulin. The protein made in this way is called a recombinant protein." (Website 1, 2001).
             This is because it has been made by combining DNA from one organism (in this case a human) with the DNA from another organism (in this case a bacterium).
             The alternative source of insulin prior to the recombinant form was insulin isolated from the pancreas of pigs. This differs slightly from human insulin and can cause an adverse immune effect.
             There are many types of recombinant proteins including: (Professor Neil Bulleid, 03/2001).
             Recombinant Protein Source Medical Use.
             Insulin Bacteria Treatment of diabetes.
             Growth Hormone Bacteria Replacement hormone for individuals who suffer from pituitary dwarfism.
             Hepatitis B vaccine Yeast Vaccination programmes.
             Erythropoietin (EPO) Mammalian cells Treatment of anaemia.
             Tissue plasminogen Mammalian cells Dissolving blood clots during thrombosis.
             Alpha-1-antitrypsin Transgenic sheep Treatment of cystic fibrosis and emphysema.


Essays Related to The applications of gm technology

1. GM food

GM food What are the arguments for and against genetically modified (GM)food? ... At the very beginning ,I think ,we should know what is GM food:"The techniques of modern genetics have made possible the direct manipulation of the genetic makeup of organisms Recombinant DNA technology thus has brought a new precision to the process of crop development". although GM food is the new process of the science ,it also brings some uncertain health effects on our body. ... The scientists were also concerned about how farmers would apply this technology under real conditions. ... However ,GM food al...

  • Word Count: 1627
  • Approx Pages: 7
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2. "Technology, it's what's for Dinner-

Such rapid advancement could provide many benefits; Cathy Becker of ThriveOnline writes that such technology could make foods more nutritious, cause an increase in crop yields, provide more powerful control over pests and weeds, reduce the use of some pesticides and herbicides, and enhance the nutritional value of crops. ... Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer discover recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, making it possible to isolate individual genes, alter them, and copy them in cells, opening up vast commercial possibilities (Genetic). ... Many plants have been modified to withstand herbi...

  • Word Count: 3593
  • Approx Pages: 14
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3. GMO - Genetically Modified Organisms

Supporters of this technology claim that dissemination of GMO products would allow to increase production, which is very important in the Third World countries. ... Besides the benefits and supporters, GM technology has also a lot of disadvantages and opponents. ... The basic weakness of the GM technology is its imprecision. ... Some other concerns apply to GM plants resistant to herbicides. ... Estimates indicate that the global area planted with transgenic crops increased from 5 to 145 million acres from 1996 to 2002 respectively (ISAAA - International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-bio...

  • Word Count: 899
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Food

As scientific technology is expanding by leaps and bounds, so too has agriculture and the methods used to produce the ever increasing demand for use of farm commodities. ... Consumers have responded to the increase in GM food with challenging questions such as the expected effects of GM food use. ... GM crops make the farming more efficient. Farmers using GM seed can reduce the costs of insecticides be depleting or significantly decreasing the applications of chemical insecticides aimed at preventing harmful pests such as the European corn borer and the cotton bollworm. ... The herbicide-toler...

  • Word Count: 1385
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. Understanding Genetically Modified Foods

Phillips demonstrates the advances in technology that humans are capable of using. ... The advantages of using this technology can be seen worldwide. ... "A farmer grows these soybeans which then only require one application of weed-killer instead of multiple applications, reducing production cost and limiting the dangers of agricultural waste run-off" (Biotechnology). ... According to the Asian Network for Scientific Information, "The fears that people opposing the technology producing GM crops are associated with a wider spectrum of issues includes that the companies are more ...

  • Word Count: 2358
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Onstar

Similarly about flight reservation, wireless applications are on the way too. ... The technology is great. GM has used the technology to support its own brands, and not establish itself as a separate brand. ... Since GM is the leader in using this technology, there will be followers and many companies will end up using this technology. ... In the long run, GM runs the risk of another technology replacing OnStar. ...

  • Word Count: 2044
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  • Grade Level: High School

7. Untested, Unsafe and Unhealthy GMO Foods

Although some experts claim, "GM foods reduce effectiveness of pesticides.... GM foods are created in order to decrease the amount of pesticides. ... For example, members of the Northern Canola Growers Association express, "GM foods such as BT corn can help eliminate the application of chemical pesticides.... A farmer grows these soybeans which then only require one application of weed killer instead of multiple applications, reducing production cost and minimizing the dangers of agricultural waste. ... GMO companies have created what is called "Terminator Technology". ...

  • Word Count: 1708
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Evaluation of Indian Patent Law

To understand the psychology of Indian farmer towards the GM technology, we have conducted studies on the reaction of farmers who are cultivating Bt Cotton in Andhra Pradesh state of India (Shourie & Sai 2002). 2. ... This clearly elucidates the fact that those of the environmental and social activists, who are opposing GM technology tooth and nail, are not taking into consideration, the opinions of farmers on these issues. Our experience that farmers are keen to adapt to GM technology is also corroborated by reports from distant states of India like Punjab also (Singh 2002). ... Hence, ...

  • Word Count: 2919
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  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

9. Genetic Modification of Foodstuffs

The benefits of gene technology in terms of food production are enormous. ... The soybean farmer therefore can avoid targeting specific weeds and require just one application of a general weed-killer, reducing costs and agricultural waste run-off. ... A group of Swiss and German scientists recently developed a strain of GM rice know as "golden rice" due to its altered colour. ... Concerns about GM foods fall into three categories: economics, environmental hazards and human health risks. ... Environmental damage from GM crops can be caused through various channels. ...

  • Word Count: 776
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

10. Agricultural Biotechnology

If constructive, however, such questions and discussions can help shape responsible deployment and use of the technology. ... There are basically three main issues that surround the application of genetic engineering technologies to agricultural crops: food safety, environmental and ethical issues. ... On the issue of using such technology in developing countries and utilizing them to improve nutrition in developed countries, people want to know just who will be monitoring the food supply and what kind of role will multinational corporations have in developing and controlling the GM varietie...

  • Word Count: 1644
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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