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Tourette


Complex motor tics involve more than one muscle. Examples of complex motor tics include head shaking, brushing hair, touching, throwing, hitting, jumping, kicking, making rude or obscene gestures (copropraxia), and imitating gestures of other people (echopraxia). .
             Phonic tics are also divided into simple and complex. Simple phonic tics include sniffing, throat clearing, grunting, squeaking, screaming, coughing, barking and blowing. Complex phonic tics consist of utterances and verbalizations that have meanings such as the repetition of someone else's words or phrases (echolalia) or the shouting of inappropriate words or phrases (coprolalia). Motor and phonic tics are usually preceded by some sort of localized discomfort that is temporarily relieved by a tic. An example of this could be a burning sensation in the eye before the eye is blinked. Although most sensations will be localized there are less specific premonitory feelings such as urges, anger, or anxiety. .
             In addition to the motor and phonic tics, people with Tourette's syndrome tend to have a variety of behavior symptoms that can be associated with other neurological disorders, including Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADD) is characterized by problems concentrating and staying on task. ADD contributes to how tourette's syndrome patient are easily distracted, don't listen, often act without thinking and are constantly fidgeting. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by an intense obsession or need with doing things repeatedly in a particular way. Examples of the effects of obsessive-compulsive disorder include irrational rituals such as checking, counting, cleaning, touching or rearranging. These coexisting symptoms interfere more than tics in overall everyday functioning of a Tourette's patient. A lot of the time they can lead to learning disabilities and sleeping disorders.


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