Proteins are organic compounds which always contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and they often contain sulphur and phosphorus as well. Each molecule of protein is made up of many amino acids linked together by strong peptide bonds into one or more polypeptide chains. Further weak bonds between certain amino acids in a polypeptide chain make it coil into a spiral.
When polypeptide chains become linked together by cross- bridges, this makes a fibrous protein. If several polypeptides become folded together and held by bonds in a rough spherical shape, the protein formed is described as globular. When a globular protein combines with a non - protein chemical, the molecule formed is called a conjugated protein.
Function.
Many types of fibrous protein exist and each possesses a structure suited to its function. Elastin, for example, is strong and elastice and gives artery walls flexible support. Collagen is strong and inelastic to serve as components of bones, tendons and ligaments.
Globular proteins are also used for many things. Some are hormones (chemical messengers). In animals these are transported in the blood stream to target tissue where they take effect. Other globular proteins act as anti bodies and defend the body against antigens. All enzymes are globular and are required to speed up chemical reactions.
Conjugated proteins also carry out several functions. Mucus for example lubricates and protects parts of the human body. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to the respiring cells.
Packaging and Secretion.
Newly synthesised proteins enter the channels of the rough endoplasmic reticulum which is made up of a network of interconnected membranes, developed into a series of flattened cavities called cisternae. The endoplasmic reticulum acts as a transport system through the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum may be smooth or covered with ribosomes in which case it is it is described as rough.
Proteins are the most complex biological molecules. ... Actin is a spherical protein. ... Once the two proteins are bound, the myosin protein undergoes a change in protein shape, that bends the head. ... There are many types of proteins. One protein is a transport protein. ...
Protein synthesis is the process of transferring information from a gene to a protein. ... RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis, the structure of which is specified by DNA. ... Proteins called initiation factors are also required to bring these translation components together. ... These two main processes of protein synthesis, transferring information from a gene to a protein, are transcription and translation. ... This is the complex process of protein synthesis where the cell's proteins are always inside under specific instructions. ...
The Structure of Proteins Primary Structure The primary structure of a protein is the type and sequence of the amino acids used in the polypeptide. It is connected by peptide bonds, and the sequence determines the structure and shape of the whole protein. ... All covalent links in a protein are included in the primary structure. ... Quaternary Structure A quaternary structure can only occur where there is more than one polypeptide chain involved in the protein. ... Alpha and beta polypeptide chains can mix to create a protein with a quaternary structure. ...
Casein protein is referred to as a slow digesting protein. ... Out of the protein in the milk, 20% of it is whey protein and 80% of it is casein protein. ... Casein protein is a slow digesting protein, which is slowly absorbed by the muscles after consumption. ... Based off of another lab, whey protein and soy protein had significant impacts on obese mice. ... One that was fed a high-protein and low-fat diet, and one that was fed a high-protein and low-fat diet that contained whey and soy protein isolate. ...
To date, nearly all research on bacterial protein localization has been conducted with the goal of understanding the localization of one protein at a time. ... Very little is known about these 3 stalk proteins. ... The photoactivatable fluorescent protein Eos will enable me to monitor the location of newly synthesized stalk proteins. ... An alternative mechanism for stalked protein localization involves restricting protein diffusion into and out of the stalk, much as the septin ring inhibits membrane protein diffusion between mother and daughter yeast cells (16). ... Retention of proteins i...
Proteins play a fundamental role both in complex and simple organisms. ... In order to be able to modify proteins do to specific jobs the first thing one must do is understand the way proteins behave. ... The first protein that went into testing was elastin-like proteins. ... Coli; the team grew proteins with this sequence to test their designs. After isolating the proteins scientists watched to se if the proteins would shift from soluble to insoluble forms when prompted. ...
Proteins are macromolecules, formed from the 20 amino amino acids used for life. ... Primary Structure and Peptide Bonding Protein structure is divided into four main levels; primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary, according to the increasing complexity of the proteins conformation. ... The Alpha helix is the most common secondary structure found proteins. ... The Beta-pleated sheet is the second most common structure found within a protein. ... Most proteins have a hydrophobic core, which is protected from the external environment by hydrophilic residues, which compose the outside layer ...
The importance of proteins and carbohydrates in plants and animals - Consider uses of proteins Relative importance of each use in plants and animals Both proteins and carbohydrates are of vital importance to the living world. Proteins are essential to maintaining the structure and function of all life. ... Other proteins can be linked to carbohydrates to form glycoproteins. ... The intrinsic proteins float around the matrix. ... In conclusion, proteins and carbohydrates are essential to all of us. ...
Introduction The word Protein comes from the Greek word "proteins " meaning first place. Proteins play a significant role in bodily functions. ... Proteins are amongst the most complex molecules in body. Since proteins contain benzine rings that would be what the protein test would consist of, NaOH and CuS04 were added to tubes containing various samples, in this test a violet pink color indicated the presence of proteins. ... For instance in the protein tests egg turned white and gelatin turned purple, this shows the complexity of protein. ...
