Through a series of events, Jig contemplates the pros and cons of both sides and appears to be unwilling in her decision to have the abortion. She feels that regardless of the choice she makes, there will be corresponding consequences, and the long-term relationship she and The American could share will fail in the end, crushing her hopes of finding true love and happiness. .
Another theme portrayed in Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" is the feeling of doubt and ambiguity. As time progresses throughout the story and the couple's verbal "tug-of-war," the reader witnesses the irrevocable deterioration of the relationship, giving them uncertainty of whether or not it will last in the end. Jig also experiences ambiguity, as she is torn between sides, expressing to her partner that they could have it all but on the other hand wants to keep him happy by continuing their relationship as they before, worry-free. In the end, Hemingway never reveals an end all be all resolution to the main conflict in the story, further leaving the audience filled with doubt and ambiguity. .
Lastly, the theme of how man and woman relate to one another is an ongoing theme is much of Hemingway's work, including "Hills Like White Elephants." The majority of Hemingway's short stories overly demonstrate masculinity, but "Hills Like White Elephants" displays a much more rational viewpoint from that of a woman. The man is shown as a self-centered and irresponsible personality that only wants what's best for him. Initially, he entirely avoids discussion of the conflict at hand, but later goes on to oversimplify the operation and persistently pushes Jig to go through with it; patronizing her and failing to provide the kind of support and understanding she needs. Displaying this side of the man expresses the difference between him and the woman's romantic and emotional personality, which is still applicable to young adults today dealing with the burden of unplanned pregnancy.
