He predominantly denies these labels, believing them to mostly be a fallacy, but not altogether. Kennedy provides a couple examples of blacks fulfilling these stereotypes, but on no grounds is he implying that they are culpable for the racist standpoint some whites possess of them, as many are just as well-mannered and intelligent or even more so than some whites who look down upon them. The writer understands that blacks are often not treated as equals to their white counterparts, and he attempts to make a difference.
In the opening paragraphs, Kennedy writes thoroughly of a specific set of guidelines his parents taught him. These rules depict how he as a black boy must behave around whites in order to both protect him and insure he receive the best possible treatment from whites he can. This allows Kennedy to set up many of the appeals that follow in the writing. Here, he uses a pathos: an appeal to the emotions. The author uses a direct quote from his parents; they "reasoned that their strictures would at least improve our chances of surviving and thriving" (Kennedy 24). Kennedy uses this quote to trigger the reader's sympathy for not just his family, but African-Americans everywhere, by considering that as both children and adults they will continuously be discriminated against even when they are respectful of others. He is making an effort to aid his readers in understanding how tough becoming a successful black man/woman can be by putting the reader "in his shoes", so to speak. A second significant point can be derived from the quote in the previous paragraph that may not seem of much importance, but is in fact quite significant. Here lies another appeal: an ethos to be specific. Kennedy purposely chooses to use "improve", doing so to try to create a compassionate feeling in the reader's heart towards blacks. The author purposely employs this word to emphasize that even the most dedicated and hard-working blacks have no guarantee of success.