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Feminism and and the Works of Ibsen


Like many women of this time, Hedda lives in a world where " men propagate the idea that freedom to be unconventional and to participate in a fulfilling vocation is a unique prerogative of manhood" (Walkington 65). These circumstances demonstrate the fact that the powerless woman is not a natural creation, but rather a product of the patriarchy. Hedda has been rendered helpless not due to her own personality, but because of the oppressive male forces in her life who represent the even more powerful force of society.
             Although she is heavily restricted by the men in her life, Hedda is clear about her rejection of society's expectations for women. It is obvious that "bourgeois domesticity holds no charm for her.nor does motherhood seem to offer Hedda any hope of fulfillment: she shrinks with disgust whenever anyone even hints at her pregnancy" (Barstow 397). There is a very feminist reason behind Hedda's pointed hatred toward the concept of childbirth. Pregnancy can be seen as a traditional way men deny women access to power. When women are busy with pregnancy and child rearing, it is more difficult for them to have a sufficient amount of participation in social power outside the home. Hedda's opposition to such norms make her easily comparable to "Nora, the equally infamous heroine of A Doll's House, and many of Ibsen's other heroines, Hedda says no to marriage, motherhood, selflessness, and separate spheres" (Barstow 397). Hedda is not the only character from Ibsen's work who illustrates the difficulty of overcoming patriarchal standards for women. .
             Nora Helmer of A Doll's House has faced extreme criticism as a feminist icon. Although this story demonstrates the undoubtedly A popular view upon the premiere of this play was that "A Doll House did not have to be taken as a serious statement about women's rights because the heroine of act 3 is an incomprehensible transformation of the heroine of acts 1 and 2" (Templeton 28).


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