Supreme Court decided a precedent setting case in 1972. This case involved the conviction of a man accused of rape as a result of his identification by the victim and little else. The identification procedure was flawed even viewed through the scope of understanding available at that time. The identification occurred more than seven months after the crime. The procedure involved a "showup" (where only the suspect is shown to the witness) as opposed to a lineup (where a suspect or suspects are shown to the witness along with non-suspects). Furthermore, the show-up involved the suspect being walked past the witness by two detectives3. In the language of the U.S. Supreme Court the identification procedure was "suggestive"4. .
The case was just the most recent, at that time, to be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court involving an evaluation of the admissibility of an eyewitness identification. The Court had expressed grave concerns over the validity of eyewitness identification evidence in several cases just a few years earlier. In two cases, U.S. v. Wade5 and Gilbert v. State of California6, the Court created protections to address the dangers of such testimony7. In a third case heard the same day, Stovall v. Denno, the Court said that suggestiveness that might lead to a misidentification in and of itself did not necessitate the exclusion of the identification evidence. .
In the first of the two cases, Stovall v. Denno8, the Court held that a suggestive identification can still be admissible if it was necessary due to exigent circumstances9. In this case, the emergency was created by the fact that the identifying witness had sustained stab wounds as a result of the crime and was not expected to live10. The identification took the form of a showup in the victim's hospital room the day after the surgery11. The Court reasoned that the show-up that was conducted was necessary given the urgency of obtaining the witness' identification of the suspect12.
Description, Planning and Alternatives Assessment of proposed technology Description 1 Project and Product The proposed technology that will be evaluated in this report is the design of a new generation consulting firm. This firm will not be traditional in nature but will use the I...
(Post and Johnson 1996) The Internet is a relatively new phenomenon and this "cyberspace- is causing problems for regulatory systems. ... The advantage of this system is that it's convenient and fast. ... With regards to Telemarketing fraud, the identification of the criminals is very difficult. ... IBM who is the largest manufacturer of computers is currently partaking in internal checks within a system to ensure security regarding adequate identification procedures for individuals communicating with the computer by keyboard terminals. [6] Other possible solutions to computer fraud in...
Many Russians came to believe that this distorted form of mafia control is the normal free- enterprise system. ... Many companies are also introducing closed-circuit television and scrutinizing visitors even photocopying identification papers for future reference (Economist 60). ...
The incidents described in "Crossing the Line at the Border" do not imply that every Border Patrol agent is brutal and violent, but there is clear evidence that many of them do act abominably, and the system that keeps them in place permits their ongoing misbehaviors to occur (Larson). ... The mistreatment imposed on detainees in the detention facilities has been heavily censored, due to the constant debate in the US Congress over expanding the border patrol and overhauling the nation's immigration system (Anil 12). ...
Commander In Chief: The Hero of the Common People It had been a long time coming. Hopelessly divided by the issue of slavery, thirty-one million American citizens were in 1860 Called upon to elect the 16th President of the United States. The Democratic Party met At its National Party Conventio...
Frederick Smith realized the tremendous need for one to two day package and air-freight delivery that was better than the current distribution system. 1973 - Federal Express relocates operations to Memphis, Tenn. ... The first PC-based automated shipping system, later named FedEx PowerShip®, is introduced. 1985 - RPS Inc. (now FedEx Ground) is founded in Pittsburgh, Pa., and introduces bar code labeling to the ground transportation industry. 1985 – UPS started international air service between U.S. and six European countries. 1986 - Federal Express introduces the SuperTracker&r...
