5 billion. .
1.2 Oil and Gas Production and Environmental Sustainability.
During twentieth century, use of world energy has gradually increased by a factor of ten (Twidell and Wier, 2006), and this trend is expected to last over the coming decades. In front of the petrochemical industry, it is a real challenge to find out the way following which it can meet the growing demand maintaining the value of environment protection. Within the scientific community, gradually increasing evidence has continued to shape up the variety of environmental impacts which can be equally accredited to both local as well as the global ecosystems; furthermore this has given more attention to the notion of environmental sustainability within several political accounts. For several transnational companies for example Chevron, this has interpreted to a major prerequisite to shift commercial and industrial application from pure financial approaches to strategies which integrate the additional constrictions of social and environmental pressures across current and future generations (Hall and Vredenburg, 2003).-.
Sustainable development, in its terms, can be defined as 'meeting the growing demands and needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs' (Brundtland Report 1987 in Williams et al 2000, p.3). To meet this goal, Chevron needs to adopt a business model that considers operational decisions across this triple bottom line (people, planet and profit) (ElMaraghy, 2012). Chevron needs to embrace a business paradigm to meet this purpose considering the operational resolutions across this triple bottom line (people, planet and profit) (ElMaraghy, 2012).
Over the past century, we have seen a dramatic increase in the levels of anthropogenic green house gas emissions, and it has become clear to the international community that the main contributor to these emissions has been the petrochemical industries (IPCC, 2007; World Bank 2010).
