The components of the solution which are miscible in water dissolve into an aqueous layer, while the immiscible components remain within the organic phase of the solution. Reflux is used to condensate the vapors from the solution for an extended time period, and when the immiscible components are inseparable from the organic layer by means of extraction, distillation can be used to further separate components with differing boiling points. The degree or percent of recovery was tested in the current experiment. The subject being tested was the amount of product recovered after performing the aforementioned separation techniques, excluding distillation. The experiment yielded 11.09 g of n-Butyl bromide from 10.0 mL of n-Butyl alcohol, 14.0 mL of sulfuric acid, and 17.0 g of sodium bromide. A 74.1% yield was achieved in this experiment with the use of distillation.
Methods and Materials.
For this experiment, 17.0g of 99.0% pure, ACS certified sodium bromide from EDM Millipore Corp (lot No. WH20B) was mixed with 17.0mL of cold deionized water and 10.0 mL of 99.7% pure, ACS certified 1-Butanol from Fisher Scientific (lot No. 966188) in a 100mL round bottom flask. After the materials were mixed, 14.0mL of 97.0% pure, ACS certified sulfuric acid from Fisher Scientific (lot No. 149274) was added to the solution. After adding the sulfuric acid, boiling stones were also added in. A reflux apparatus and gas trap that absorbed hydrogen bromide gas during the reaction was assembled, and the 100ml round bottom flask with he mixture was placed in the reflux apparatus. The mixture was heated to a gentle boil for 65 minutes. After the 65 minutes of cooking the mixture, the heat was removed and the solution was left to cool down. Then the mixture was poured into a 125mL separatory funnel and the bottom aqueous layer was drained. Then, 14mL of 97.0% pure, ACS certified 9M sulfuric acid from Fisher Scientific (lot No. 149274) was added to the separatory funnel.
Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds. ... After which we test the mixture wherein the color fade and for the final reaction mixture for the presence of hydrogen bromide we add ten drops distilled water and shake to mix the layers. ...
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