.
'If you are from a family of underachievers, it follows that you will be the same' (Ball, 1981). .
Being labeled means you are told you are going to underachieve, go to a school where you are not very likely to achieve much, aspirations will then be to underachieve and therefore you will underachieve. Most lower classes suffer from self-fulfilling prophecy in that if they have insufficient funds for extra tuition, have parents that lack a basic level of education and come from a more deprived area surrounded by people telling them they won't do well in life, then they most likely won't. Many students from a lower class are then, if showing no signs of brilliance, put into a lower band at school. This then creates a sub-culture of underachievers who will find an alternative means of stimulation, which often manifests itself as classroom disruption, truancy and sometimes criminal behaviour. .
Research by the Department of Education into the performance of children at the earliest age of education shows children from families where there is a higher than average income, perform better and are better prepared for education. .
'Children aged three and coming from families that had a high annual income were twice as likely to succeed as children aged three who come from families with the lowest annual income' (Hill, 2015). Consistent research shows that the higher the social class, the higher the levels of educational achievement. They are most likely to stay in post-compulsory education, more likely to achieve better examination passes and are also more likely to gain places at university. Pupils from a lower class background are more likely to be steered towards vocational courses such as NVQ's which teach skills, rather than the academically-weighted route through A-levels. Further research by the department suggests that failings in primary socialization have a direct bearing on academic achievement.
