The 6th amendment states that a fair trial must have certain elements, which includes an impartial jury, among others. The jury at Tom Robinson's trial, however, is made up of twelve, prejudiced, white men, none of whom can be considered his "peers." Therefore, Atticus and Tom cannot expect to have any hope whatsoever of winning. However, even with every imaginable social, political, and moral obstacle in his way, Atticus Finch still fights as hard as he possibly can, and does everything in his power to save Tom Robinson. After Scout realizes that most of the town doesn't approve of what Atticus is doing, she asks him why he's doing it. He explains: " 'before I can live with other folks I've got to live with myself. The one thing that doesn't abide by majority rule is a person's conscience' "(120) Atticus is saying that one has to judge oneself before anyone else. If he did something he knew was wrong, and didn't stay true to his morals, even if it was justified, it would cause him to lose all self-respect and moral authority over others. Democracy may determine how a group will act, but it cannot control what a person thinks or feels, just like the jury can vote Tom guilty, but they cannot make everyone in Maycomb think that he truly is. Atticus faces mobs, gossip, death threats, and more, but he still makes sure that he does everything in his power to defend Tom, just to stand up for what he knows is right. .
Although racism and segregation is wrong, Mr. Bob Ewell does not feel as such. He believes that despite a person's personality, morality, integrity, or lack thereof, white people are always above black people, and he fought for discrimination against blacks until the very end. In Maycomb, it is commonplace for people like Bob Ewell to have their lives revolve around the strong belief that racism is right and natural, and therefore feel completely justified in lying and endangering the lives of others over this issue.