Industrial Revolution, the era of technologic, economic and social changes, dramatically impacted the working class. It changed not only the machinery and work organization, but also the location of workplaces and home, the size, composition and relationship of the family. Workers were used to work in the small shops or at home, on their own pace and interest, but undisciplined work style was not acceptable in the big growing factories. The rural and agricultural life turned to urban industrial with longer working hours and away from family.
The industrial revolution started in Great Britain and the years 1740-1860 are considered to be the most important time of its beginning. At that time the British cotton textile industry was most productive in the world and Britain did everything in their power to stay in the top position. Meanwhile, there were new machinery invented which gave Britain ability to exceed quantity and quality of textile production. In 1733, John Kay invented a machine called "flying shuttle", which allowed a single weaver to operate the loom without the need of a second operator. So the spinners were not able to keep up with increased production of weavers, till James Hargreaves introduced the spinning jenny, in 1764. This machine could run eight spindles at once; by 1770, sixteen; by the end of the century, hundred and twenty. Even though, the machinery was new, but the power source was still human labor. In 1769, Richard Arkwright patented the "water frame', a machine powered by water that could spin several strands at the same time. .
In the mean time, England's mine owners were looking for more efficient way to pump water out of mine shafts to allow deeper digging. For this purpose, James Watt invented steam engine, in 1769. In the 1780s Arkwright substituted a new Watt steam engine in place of water power. So from this point, equipment became more advanced and more expensive.
