By 6 months old they should be rolling over and sitting up on their own. By the time they reach the end of their first year they should be at least pulling themselves up onto objects, crawling , potentially even walking and also be able to say a few simple words.
The second stage, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, happens in a child's 1st to 3rd years (toddler.) During this stage a child needs to develop a sense of independence. If they are able to succeed in being independent they will have feelings of autonomy where as failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. Developmentally during this stage, a child goes from learning how to walk to being up and running around. They learn to independently walk up and down the stairs, throw and kick a ball with purpose and walk while holding items in their hands. Language and communication skills increase drastically at this stage, with the child understanding more than they can speak.
Initiative vs. Guilt is the third stage. This happens during early childhood (Preschool age 3 to 5 year.) Children begin wanting control and power over their environment. They are trying to see if they are good or bad. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose therefore giving them the initiative to face new challenges. Children, who are irresponsible during this stage and experience disapproval, result in a sense of guilt. By 5 years old, children should be hopping, skipping and jumping around. They should be able to stand on one foot and play on a variety of equipment found in a playground. Additionally, their fine motor and cognitive skills allow them to draw human figures and write some letters of the alphabet. Before this there was no purpose to their coloring, it was just lines on a paper. Children start to verbally express what they are feeling instead of only using gestures or physical aggression. .
Industry vs. inferiority is Erikson's fourth psychosocial stage.
