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Michael Howard - Prison Works

            Before the 18th Century prisons were just a means for holding prisoners before trial rather than for use as 'punishment'. Sanctions for criminal behavior tended to be public events which included whipping, branding, physical torture and even execution. This was designed to shame the criminal and deter others. In the 18th Century public punishment started to decline and the use of prison grew as a means for punishment. However reformers such as John Howard attacked the prison conditions stating they were inhumane and full of disease (http://www.howardleague.org). The criticisms continued throughout the 19th Century and reformers such as Robert Peel and Elizabeth Fry introduced more reforms and improved prison conditions (http://www.encyclopedia.com). By the end of the century prisons were brought under national government control and the worst of the prisons were closed (http://news.bbc.co.uk).
             In the 1960s the Mountbatten committee made a recommendation for a system to categorise inmates, they released the report of these categories in 1966 and these are allocated to male adult prisoners in the following security categories;.
             Cat A- For those of whom escape would be highly dangerous to the public, the police or the security of the state and for whom the aim must be to make escape impossible (e.g. murderers).
             Cat B- For those whom the very highest conditions of security are not necessary, but for whom escape must be made very difficult (e.g. Manslaughter).
             Cat C- For those who cannot be trusted in open conditions, but do not have the resources and ability to make a determined escape attempt. (This category is subdivided to include young offenders involved in gangs).
             Cat D- For those whom present a low risk; and can be reasonably trusted in open conditions to serve their sentence. .
             An example for one of these categories would be; if a prisoner serves a sentence of ten years or over or has previously had a category A sentence (i.


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