C. Almagest is an ancient Greek book "with a brief introduction to the nature of astronomy and a presentation of the necessary trigonometric theory and spherical astronomy" (Ptolemy). Ptolemy's Almagest is counted as one of the most important books that contribute to the development of astronomy because the works of the founder of the astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus, were mainly based on it. Copernicus' work on the heliocentric theory, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) "was divide into six books, organized on the model of Ptolemy's Almagest" (Astronomy). Thus, Ptolemy's Almagest was crucial to the development of astronomy during the Renaissance. Element is a book on geometry and number theory written by a Greek mathematician, Euclid of Alexandria, who is also known as the Father of Geometry. "Euclid's Elements are considered by far the most famous mathematical oeuvre. Comprising about 500 pages organized in 13 books, they were written around 300 B.C. All the mathematical knowledge of the period is collected there and presented with a rigour which remained unequalled for the following two thousand years" (Ostermann and Wanner 28). Euclid's Element are important to the development of astronomy during the Renaissance because it helped Johannes Kepler refine Copernican's theorem mathematically. In the Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, J.V. Field states that Kepler's theory "did perfectly on the number, since he used the five convex regular polyhedral to define the gaps; it is proved in Euclid, Elements, book 13 that there can be only five such solids" (272). Thus, it can be concluded that Euclid's Element is one of the most important books for the development of astronomy during the Renaissance. Revival of the Greek and Roman works during the Renaissance provided scientists such as Copernicus and Kepler with some opportunities to work on the previous works and make some progress.
