Evidence also suggests that children who develop CD early on are more likely to spiral into delinquency and develop problems with school and socialization which often land them in trouble (Pardini & Frick, 2013). Using that information, psychologists and social workers may be able to intervene and prevent such an outcome. Alternatively however, adolescent-onset Conduct Disorder is not associated with the same causes (neurological & parental) and it is less likely to persist into adulthood or manifest into a serious risk personally and socially (Pardini & Frick, 2013). .
The Callous-Unemotional trait of Conduct Disorder which manifests in only some individuals is characterized by a lack of concern for others, low levels of guilt and remorse, and shallow affect (Pardini & Frick, 2013). Youths diagnosed with Conduct Disorder who exhibit Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits have a decreased sense of fear. As a result they are less likely to respond to stimuli both positive and negative (reward & punishment), and are unlikely to experience or develop typical responses for guilt or empathy (Pardini & Frick, 2013). CU traits are, as with childhood-onset, associated with a lifelong risk of anti-social behaviour and social impairment (Pardini & Frick, 2013). CU-traits can thus help signal to professionals which individuals are most in need of help, and perhaps even guide the treatment administered. .
'Severe anger dysregulation' is the final factor in onset considered by Pardini & Frick (2013). It is defined by high levels of negative emotionality and internalization of problems (Pardini & Frick, 2013). Children exhibiting this trait are easily provoked because of their inability to properly interrupt social cues or regulate behaviours (problems present in all manifestations of CD), and when provoked react aggressively in their (perceived) defence (Pardini & Frick, 2013). Severe anger dysregulation is associated with strict discipline (Pardini & Frick, 2013).
