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Differences in Learning and Memory

Utilizing processing speed as a measurement tool to determine changes in age-related abilities is problematic. As adults, processes and cognition build on each other and knowledge is not solely reliant on basic processes as in might be in children (Zelinski & Stewart, 1998). Working memory is affected by aging; as we age our memory decreases. Studies have been done that seem to indicate reduced memory capacity and cognitive slowing (Terry, 2009). Zelinski & Stuart (1998) found that changes in abilities were associated with changes in memory in individuals age 55 and older. They also discovered that being younger and females could be related to greater preservation of certain memory abilities (Zelinski & Stewart 1998).
             Gender plays some role in cognitive abilities. At one time it was generally accepted that men performed better on spatial ability tests while women performed better on verbal tests; however it seems that differences in test scores have also changed over the years (Terry, 2009). Women are expected to be better at remembering certain types of information and to perform certain tasks more capably than men. The reverse is also true. This indicates a level of stereotyping that can hamper cognitive performance. For example, men are expected to be more capable of home repairs; why then would a woman attempt such work if she is expected to perform poorly? Gender differences can be attributed to a variety of theories from hormonal to handicapping as a result of stereotypes. There is no clear understanding of how much affect gender has on learning and memory as there are so many other mitigating factors to consider.
             Personality can also factor into learning and memory. The definition of personality is an "individual's characteristic mode of thinking, feeling, and acting" (Terry, 2009). One of the biggest contributors to personality and learning is the level of anxiety a student feels when facing exams.


Essays Related to Differences in Learning and Memory

1. Color - Learning and Memory

If a correlation was found between the color scheme and learning and memory abilities, schools and other learning institutes could use the results and apply them to their facilities. ... The study will give us an insight into whether the color of walls has any effect on the student's learning and memory. By understanding if wall color has an effect on learning and memory, we can apply these results across classrooms and boost learning. ... The students learning and memory abilities will be compared to the grade they make in this condition. ... Implications of Results The purpose of this ...

  • Word Count: 1230
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

2. Behavioral, Cognitive and Constructivist Learning Theories

Behaviorists see the role of memory as hardwiring of repeated experiences. Memory of a concept is attained by repeating the process, mostly task-based, several times (Koch). ... However, as they grow and learn, they are capable of distinguishing differences of the environment around them and responding to them, after they have been exposed to the factors several times. ... With cognitive theories, memory plays a role in encoding, storage, and retrieval. ... The role of memory, according to the constructivism theory, is to mix prior knowledge to current context. ...

  • Word Count: 855
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Has Bibliography

3. Learning Organizations

Today, learning makes the critical difference among organizations. ... Learning Organization, defines the learning organization as the organization " in which you cannot not learn because learning is so insinuated into the fabric of life-. ... Demonstrates organization's capacity of change Accelerates individual learning capacity but also redefines organizational structure, culture, job design, and mental models Involves widespread participation of employees, and often customers, in decision making and information sharing Promotes systematic thinking and building of organizational...

  • Word Count: 4362
  • Approx Pages: 17
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Learning Organizations

Today, learning makes the critical difference among organizations. ... Learning Organization, defines the learning organization as the organization " in which you cannot not learn because learning is so insinuated into the fabric of life-. ... Demonstrates organization's capacity of change Accelerates individual learning capacity but also redefines organizational structure, culture, job design, and mental models Involves widespread participation of employees, and often customers, in decision making and information sharing Promotes systematic thinking and building of organizational...

  • Word Count: 2743
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. memory

Each level of processing leaves a trace in memory. The deeper the level of processing, the stronger the trace and the more durable the memory. Conversely, the shallower the level of processing, the more transitory will be the memory. Rowe(1974) showed that semantic encoding leads to more effective learning than phonemic encoding, which in turn is more effective than visual encoding. ... According to Craick and Lockhart's theory, the difference between each level of processing is the amount of cognitive effort we expend on memorising something. ...

  • Word Count: 539
  • Approx Pages: 2

6. Learning In The Womb

This showed that fetuses were able to commit to memory the sound and "learn" it was harmless. This analysis was one of the first to show that babies are born with both a short and a long term memory. ... Newborns show evidence of no difference in response to their father's voices as contrasted to other men's voices. ... This suggested that the opiates are essential for learning. ... Learning, therefore, is a life-long process....

  • Word Count: 651
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: High School

7. The Benefits of Learning a Language

All languages have differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. ... Learning a foreign language boosts student memory and opens new ways of thinking. ... In my opinion, learning languages is important for memory. It makes memory stronger and increases personal skills. ... It can boost your memory, protect your brain, increase job opportunities, and open your mind to other cultures. ...

  • Word Count: 1215
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

8. Criminology and Social Learning Theories

Akers apply this theory to criminology with their own social learning theory. ... An individual's brain can be compared to a sponge because everything one interacts with on a daily basis is absorbed to memory; this includes deviant and non-deviant behaviors and positive and negative reinforcements. ... The first article, A longitudinal test of social learning theory: Adolescent smoking, explores how social learning theory applies specifically to adolescent smoking. ... Secondly, the authors believe that social learning theory will mediate differences in digital piracy correlates such as ...

  • Word Count: 1862
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

9. Psychology: Memory

The neurobiologists are interested in figuring out the "hardware" of memory, while psychologists are in search for the software of memory and want to solve the everyday problems of memory. ... Short term memory, or STM allows us to remember telephone numbers for a minute or more, until the memory is pushed out or overwritten. ... Researchers are in the process of mapping memory. ... And finally, they are learning about changes in the billions of neurons in the brain which they believe accompany the formation of memories. ... Psychologists, on the other hand, explain infantile amnesia by st...

  • Word Count: 863
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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