Computer-generated Imagery (CGI) has a long history starting from the late 20th century. The Whitney brothers invented CGI in the 1960s when they used computers and optical printers to generate short films (McClean 2007). According to Bordwell (2006), It was not until the birth of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) that the first CGI sequence, also known as the famous "Genesis sequence" were generated in a major film by George Lucas's effects studio, the Industrial Light and Magic (ILM). At the same time, CGI was first time the main component in Tron (Lisberger 1982), a Hollywood film. However, it was criticized for depending too much on the computer graphic without offering an attractive story or characters (McClean 2007). Then, the early to mid 1990s witnessed the massive box office success of movies the implemented the use of CGI such as Toy Story (Lasseter 1995), Terminator 2: Judgement Day (Cameron 1993), Jurassic Park (Spielberg 1993) or Forrest Gump (Zemeckis 1994).
As the rapid development of technology, CGI has continued to put it a long step in the innovation to be used widely including dust removal on negative film, weather simulation, wire and boom removal and mostly in green screen sets (McClean 2007). By proving its massive potential, the number of VFX shots in live-action movies raised significantly from 10 to about 800 shots (McClean 2007). Another remarkable innovations in the history of CGI are virtual camera simulation and computer-generated performances. CGI offers a wide range of camera effects including camera move simulation, focus point, and lens flare effects. Together with those effects, the power to record for an no limit length of time allowed the filmmaker to deliver a fantastic opening scene in the Fight Club (Fincher 1999) which starts from the inside of the protagonist's head and ends with the gun pointing in his mouth (McClean 2007).
