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Social Movements and Politics


            The second half of the 20th century saw an abundance of social and political change that had not been seen in western society before which had been caused by social movements. In this essay I will explain why this change has happened and continues to happen, why it is influenced by society and most importantly the impact it has had on politics and society as a whole.
             Since the 1960's there has been a notable increase in the level of political participation of general populations across the world an example being the civil rights movement in the US and many feminist movements that were active at the time. Many sociologists have inferred that this is not a coincidence in itself and instead is due to the formation of a growing 'movement society' or an increase in social movements. This is significant as there is a historical, political and cultural motive for the formation of this movement culture which continues to this day. (Della Porta, 2006:2).
             Neil Smelser (1962), a sociologist well known for his structural functionalist view of Social Movements agreed that social movements are not random occurrences but occur in very certain instances. These instances are when society is subjected to accelerated changes in its structure; if we look at western society as a balanced system of control if something occurs that unbalances the system in the short term the collective tensions caused by this unbalancing or change cannot be resolved quickly enough, which is seen to be why collective social movements form to combat this change (Della Porta, 2006:7). This theory of the structuration of social movements does give detailed reasoning into why they are formed but implies that every social movement occurs because of rapid social or political change which is not the case, many social movements have formed after years of oppressive social norms such at the Suffragettes movement in the late 19th and early 20th century when women were staging protests for equal rights.


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