Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to extract the smokeless powder. There is a 30mcapillary column which is an HP-5MS 5% phenyl methyl siloxane with a nominal diameter of 250.00 micrometers and a film thickness of 0.25 micrometers. The Helium carrier gas is maintained at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min on the column with an average velocity of 40cm/sec. one microliter injections of the sample are introduced split less. The mass spectrometer transfer line is maintained at 250 degrees Celsius with a mass spectrometer source temperature of 230 degree Celsius. Mass Spectra are scanned between 43 and 400 m/z. the solvent delay is 4.00 minutes. The injection port temperature was maintained at 170 degrees Celsius. The initial pressure 30 PSI for one minute. The initial oven temperature of 40 degree is held for 1 minute, followed by a temperature ramp of 25 degrees Celsius per minute to a final temperature of 280 degrees Celsius, which is held for three minutes. Positive identification of an analyte is determined by a 3 to 1 signal-to-noise ratio in the TIC or EIC, the presence of at least three major ions. .
KEYWORDS.
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, isothermal, wet-needle injection, gas-tight syringe, extraction, hydrocarbon ladder standard, carbon strip, substrate, ignitable liquid.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. Gas Chromatography is used for separating components in a mixture, and Mass Spectrometer is used in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of each component that was separated by the GC. The combination of these two highly applicable techniques creates possibly the most commonly used instrument for analytical scientists (1). Infrared Spectrometry deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum that is light with a longer wavelength and lower frequency than visible light.
the warming is a natural feature ~ 20C but if we add more gases we will cause more warming. Carbon dioxide is a natural gas. Normal, cyclical nature of the gas. ... however it is not the only or the most powerful greenhouse gas. ... Based on Global Climate Models (GCMs) Questions: is there a warming? ...
Interpretations and Questions Concerning this Synthesis Interpretation of IR (Infrared Spectrometry) By running an infrared spectrometry (IR) important information about the particular functional groups of a compound is obtained. ... Interpretation of NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry) The significance or running a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) Is that this test gives useful information that leads to the ability to determine where the H+ are located in the compound. ... Interpretation of GC (Gas Chromatography) The ability that gas chromatography has t...
Mass spectrometry, also called mass spectroscopy, is an instrumental approach that allows for the mass measurement of molecules. ... The time period from the late 1930's to the early 1970's was a time of great achievement in the field of mass spectrometry. ... ESI is the production of highly charged droplets that are treated with dry gas or heat to facilitate evaporation, which eventually eject the ions in the gas phase. ... James to describe the gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) system he had first considered a decade earlier. ... The utility of gas-liquid chromatography was greatly i...
This new weapon was in the form of gas. ... The Germans tried to fire the tear gas in liquid form contained in 15cm howitzer shells however the shells did not explode correctly therefore not releasing the gas. ... With Germany remaining ahead in terms of gas warfare development, they unveiled their new gas Mustard Gas. ... Finding protection against mustard gas was more difficult than finding protection against chlorine or phosgene gas. ... It is estimated that the German army used 68,000 tons of gas. ...
Got Gas? ... In turn, this caused the Franklin 2 demand for gas to increase and the supply of gas to decrease. ... The gas prices were just plain too extreme. ... People themselves could altar the prices of gas. ... Also, people could buy gas only on certain days. ...
The gas effects were completely devastating. ... The symptoms of Chlorine gas were easily preventable with the use of a gas mask. ... Long exposure to the gas resulted in serious side effects as explained previously, but a high concentration of the gas caused more deaths. ... Drowning was also a result from Mustard gas exposure. ... Gas masks, clothes, and boots were all ineffective in keeping out Mustard gas, until many years after the initial use of this poisonous chemical. ...
One of earth's most abundant gases is Methane. Methane can be found in different forms but is best known as a gas. ... When this occurs, marsh gas is released. This marsh gas is better known as methane. ... Methane gas is also one of the many gases that contribute to the green house effect eventually causing global warming. ...
Anatomy of a gas dollar To get a clear picture of why gas prices go up or down, it is useful to have an understanding of where your money goes when you pay for gas. ... Stations closest to the Gulf of Mexico, for example, have lower gas prices because the gas doesn't have to be transported very far to the stations. War, world events, and even the weather can raise gas prices. ... Between October of that year and April of 2008 this new ethanol blend gas was between 4 and 12 percent more costly than regular gas. There are many factors that contribute to the rising price of gas....
The Rising Cost of Natural Gas The recent increase in the cost of natural gas is due to many factors. ... The Demand for Natural Gas The price of natural gas is set by the interaction of supply and demand of the gas. ... Supplying Natural Gas Storing natural gas is not as easy as storing food, clothes, or water. ... Advances in gas supply technology are critical in the development of the natural gas resource base. ... Also, there is liquefied natural gas (LGN), natural gas cooled and turned into liquid form. ...
