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International Trade and Economic Growth


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             • These industries can increase production with higher economic growth without relating to any export promoting incentives. They will also turn to foreign markets since domestic demand for their products is insufficient. Hence, higher economic growth causes higher exports. .
             2.2 Export-Led Growth Hypothesis .
             • This hypothesis not only implies the presence of positive correlation between export growth and economic growth, but also that the former unidirectionally causes the latter. .
             • Export growth may represent an increase in demand for the country output and thus serve to increase real GNP. .
             • An increase in exports may lossen a binding foreign exchange constraint and allow increases in productive intermediate imports such as raw material inputs and capital goods which cannot be produced domestically and hence result in the growth of output. .
             • Export growth may result in enhanced efficiency and thus may lead to greater output. .
             • The standard neoclassical trade theory suggests that export enhances economic growth due to a better resource allocation of existing resources from the less efficient non-export sector to the higher productivity export sector and improved production efficiency. .
             International trade increases economic growth and welfare, because:.
             1) In many cases domestic market is relatively small and economies of scale cannot be fully exploited. Trade "expands" the domestic market and so improves effectiveness in the economy. .
             2) Trade fosters specialisation and this further improves the effectiveness. .
             3) Trade often stimulates diffusion of new technologies and innovations. New technologies and innovations not only improve the overall effectiveness of production, but also improve standard of living of people. .
             4) Through trade many countries in the world can obtain various resources like oil or iron ore. Without resources there can be basically no production and no growth.


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