Parapsychology is a component of the broader study of consciousness and the mind (Rhine Research Center). Parapsychologists study five broad areas including telepathy, clairvoyance or remote viewing, precognition, psychokinesis, and whether consciousness can survive the physical form. According to the Parapsychological Association, telepathy is the purported transmission of information from one person to another without using any of our known sensory channels or physical interaction. The term clairvoyance is used to refer to the ability to gain information about an object, person, location or physical event through means other than the known human senses; a form of extrasensory perception. On the other hand, precognition is a form of extrasensory perception in which the target is some future event that cannot be deduced from normally known data in the present. Psychokinesis, or telekinesis, is an alleged psychic ability allowing a person to influence a physical system without physical interaction. The broadest area of study in parapsychology includes the nature of human consciousness and an examination of whether consciousness survives the physical form. This includes medium research, reincarnation, out of body experiences, apparitions, and ghost activities (Parapsychological Association). Parapsychology explores this possibility of these allegations, but the scientific community does not accept the existence of the paranormal. Therefore parapsychology is an example of pseudoscience. Many studies seeking to detect, understand, and utilize parapsychology have been done, but no replicable results from well-controlled experiments exist (Honorton, Charles, & Daryl J. Bem, 1994).
The Ganzfeld Experiments.
By 1983 a dozen or so parapsychology research centers had been established in the U.S. and Europe (Melton, 2001). Development of the Ganzfeld procedure in the early 1970's has given parapsychologists some stronger guidelines for performing relatively consistent telepathy experiments in independent laboratories.